美国本科学生学习成果评估标准的框架、特征与启示——美国大学联合会“VALUE标准”解析

The Framework,Characteristics and Implications of American Undergraduate Student Learning Outcome Assessment Criteria:Analysis of the “VALUE Rubrics” of the Association of American Colleges & Universities(AAC&M)

美国大学联合会组织开发的VALUE标准为帮助高校展示、分享和评估本科学生在综合性学习方面的成就和学业增值提供了行之有效的评估方法和准则。标准经历了制定开发、修订完善、重要发展、反思回顾阶段,其开发设计秉承着循证理念,具有逻辑简明、范畴清晰的框架结构,包含知识和实践技能、个人与社会责任、综合及应用学习三个维度的内容体系,并且具有关键标准和丰富内涵的指标构成,建立了锚定学生最优表现的评定等级。VALUE标准在实施过程中增强了美国本科学生学习成果评估的证据性,给高校及师生带来重要影响与变化,但在具体应用过程中尚存有局限,仍需不断完善。对VALUE标准的深度解析可以为我国一流本科教育质量评估标准建设及实施提供有益启示。

The"VALUE Rubrics of Learning in Undergraduate Education"developed by the AAC&U provides effective evaluation methods and criterion to help universities display,share and evaluate the achievements of undergraduate students in comprehensive learning and academic appreciation. The VALUE Rubrics has experienced the stages of formulation,development,revision and improvement,important development,reflection and review. Its development and design adhere to the evidence-based concept,has a logical and clear framework structure,including knowledge and practical skills,personal and social responsibility,comprehensive and applied learning. It establishes a rich set of indicators with key criteria and implications and a rating hierarchy that anchors optimal student performance. In the process of implementation,the VALUE standard has enhanced the evidential nature of the evaluation of American undergraduate students’ learning results and brought important influences and changes to universities,teachers and students. However,there are still limitations in the specific application process and it still needs to be improved continuously. The in-depth analysis of the VALUE standard can provide beneficial enlightenment for the construction and implementation of the quality assessment standard of first-rate undergraduate education in China.