专业匹配对高校毕业生工资起薪的影响--基于倾向得分匹配法的实证研究

The Effect of Major Matching on the Starting Salary of College Graduates:An Empirical Research Based on Propensity Score Matching Method

高校毕业生就业与所学专业的匹配情况是影响就业质量的重要因素。基于2015年全国高校毕业生就业调查数据,本文考察了毕业生就业与所学专业的匹配情况,以及专业匹配对毕业生工资起薪的影响,并使用倾向得分匹配方法(PSM)对内生性问题进行了纠正。研究发现:有56.1%的毕业生所学专业与工作匹配,有11.7%毫不相关;OLS方法得出专业匹配情况下的工资起薪比专业不匹配高3.4%,使用PSM方法得出专业匹配的工资效应为5%,传统的OLS模型低估了专业匹配的工资效应。进一步的研究显示,相较于“211工程”高校和高职高专院校,专业匹配对非“211工程”本科高校毕业生存在显著的收入效应;与专科和硕士以上学历的毕业生相比,专业匹配对本科学历毕业生具有显著的正向影响,专业匹配比专业不匹配工资高7%左右;经济学类毕业生专业匹配对工资起薪具有更加显著的正向影响,专业匹配比专业不匹配的起薪高15%左右。基于此,高校的专业学科结构设置和人才培养模式应该在专业匹配上做出更加精准的判断,以有效提高大学生的就业质量。

The match between college graduates’major and job is an essential factor affecting the quality of employment.Based on the national survey data of colleges graduates’employment in 2015,this paper investigates the major match of the college graduates,as well as the effects of major match on the starting salary of graduates.It uses the Propensity Score Matching(PSM)method to solve the endogenous problem,and reduce the deviation of results caused by self-selection.The main conclusions and findings are:there are 56.1%of graduates’majors and jobs match,while 11.7%are irrelevant.Using the OLS method,the starting salary of the major match is 3.4%higher than the major mismatch,and after correcting the endogenous problem by using PSM method,the salary effect of the major match is 5%.OLS regression method underestimates the effect of major match on starting salary.Further research finds that,compared with Project 211 universities and vocational colleges,major match has a significant income effect on non-Project 211 graduates.Also,compared with graduates of college degree and master degree or above,major match has a significant income effect on bachelor degree graduates,the starting salary of the major match is about 7%higher than the major mismatch.Major match of economics graduates has a more significantly positive influence on starting salary,and the major match graduates is about 15%higher than the major mismatch。