宋代律赋的结构——以楼钥律赋为例

Structure of Rhymed Fu in Song Dynasty:Taking Lou Yue’s Rhymed Fu as An Example

律赋作为赋体之一,是唐宋时期重要的科举文体,由唐入宋后呈现出法度日趋严密、内容专尚理趣的特点。宋代律赋大家及流传至今的作品不少,但苏轼以后几乎只有楼钥一人。他是南宋时期为数不多的律赋大家,无论是作品题材还是结构、句式都颇具代表性。作为科场应试文体,律赋本身具有一套严格的程式和套路,堪称“戴着镣铐的舞蹈”。楼钥律赋在结构方面严格遵循起承转合的程式;在题材方面涵盖虚、实、古、今、比喻、双关等诸多内容;在句式方面风格多样,善用长句对和隔句对;遣词用事心平气和,理正词直,平淡中见功力。

As one of the styles of Fu,rhymed Fu is an important imperial examination style in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Comparing with those in the Tang Dynasty,rhymed Fu in the Song Dynasty featured with strict rules and specialized content. There were many masters of rhymed Fu and many works handed down till now,but Lou Yue was almost the only one after Su Shi. Lou Yue was one of the few masters of rhymed Fu in the Southern Song Dynasty,whose themes,structures and sentence patterns of rhymed Fu were all representative. As an exam-oriented style,rhymed Fu itself has a set of strict procedures and routines. In structure of rhymed Fu,Lou Yue strictly follows the program of starting and turning. His rhymed Fu has various themes. The Fu also many sentence style and long sentence pairs and alternate sentence pairs are well used. Besides,ordinary words are more used to express straight idea.