伊战后美国对伊拉克库尔德政策的动因及走向

Motivation and Future Trends of U.S. Policy Toward Iraqi Kurds After Iraq War

长期以来,奉行亲美立场的伊拉克库尔德人在美国的中东战略中具有不可替代的作用。伊战后,以2003年伊拉克战争为标志事件,2011年美军撤离伊拉克为重要节点,美国的伊拉克库尔德政策可以分撤军前和撤军后两个阶段。随着伊拉克国内安全局势的恶化、伊朗支持什叶派力量的力度加大、极端组织“伊斯兰国”的沉浮和美国中东战略的收缩,美国不断调整对伊拉克库尔德政策。该政策是内外多重因素影响的结果,从本质上讲是美国将其作为维护中东霸权战略的重要抓手和依托。近年来,随着伊拉克国内反美情绪的高涨、伊朗地区影响力的增强、叙利亚局势的不确定性等多重因素的叠加,美国根据中东局势变化和战略利益需要持续调整库尔德政策,伊拉克库尔德人仍将是美国中东战略中的一个重要棋子。

For a long time,the Iraqi Kurds who have pursued a pro-American position have played an irreplaceable role in the America's diplomatic strategy in the Middle East.After the Iraq war,with the 2003 Iraq war as the landmark event and the withdrawal of US troops from Iraq in 2011 as an important node,the U.S.policy on Iraqi Kurds can be divided into two stages:before and after the withdrawal.With the deterioration of the internal security situation in Iraq,the growth of Iranian support for Shi ite forces,the rise and fall of the“Islamic State”and the shrinkage of America's Middle East Strategy,the United States has continuously adjusted its policy towards Iraqi Kurds.The policy towards the Iraqi Kurds is the result of multiple internal and external factors.In essence,the United States takes Iraqi kurds as an important starting point and support to maintain the hegemonic strategy in the Middle East.In recent years,with the rise of anti-US sentiment in Iraq,the increase of influence in Iran and the uncertainty of the situation in Syria,the United States will continue to adjust the Kurdish policy according to the changes of the situation in the Middle East and the needs of strategic interests,and the Iraqi Kurds will still be an important tool in the U.S.Middle East strategy.