“泛阿拉伯主义”在美国媒体的“帝国”意象

The “Empire” Analogy to “Pan-Arabism” Through the US Print Media

20世纪上半叶,面对阿拉伯人的统一诉求,有相当一部分人通过美国媒体,结合西方世界对伊斯兰教的刻板印象,将“泛阿拉伯主义”附会到中世纪的“阿拉伯帝国”,进而视其为西方文明的对立面。纳赛尔掌权后,美国媒体出于对埃及亲苏外交的敌视,纷纷指责埃及政府试图仰仗苏联支持,建立“阿拉伯帝国”。随着埃及(阿联)与苏联之间矛盾的加剧,美国舆论界仍继续敌视纳赛尔的“泛阿拉伯主义”,认为纳赛尔建立“阿拉伯帝国”的“野心”虽然导致其与苏联的纷争,但仍是西方的威胁。美国人对纳赛尔的敌视,虽然伴有强烈的冷战心态,但他们频繁以“阿拉伯帝国”或“穆斯林帝国”的历史意象,比附纳赛尔的“泛阿拉伯主义”实践,实际上是对“东西对立”叙事模式的延续,反映出西方世界长久以来对“伊斯兰征服”的历史记忆,并连带着对中东地区整合倾向的担忧。

Over the first half of 20th century,facing the Arabs appeal of unity,combined with the Western world's stereotypes of Islam,a considerable number of people portray“pan-Arabism”as a medieval“Arab empire”and the opposite of Western civilization through the American media.After the Nasser regime came to power,out of hostility to Egypt's pro-Soviet diplomacy,the American media have accused the Egyptian government of trying to rely on the support of the Soviet Union to establish an“Arab Empire.”As the contradiction between Egypt(the Arab League)and the Soviet Union intensified,the American media continued to be hostile to Nasser s“pan-Arabism”,believing that although Nasser's ambition to establish an‘Arab Empire led to its dispute with the Soviet Union,it remained a threat from the West.Although Americans hostility towards Nasser is accompanied by a strong Cold War mentality,they frequently use the historical vocabulary of“Arab Empire”or“Muslim Empire”to describe Nasser s“pan-Arabism”practice,which is in essence a continuation of the narrative model of“East and West Opposition”.It reflects the long-standing historical memory of the“Islamic Conquest”in the Western world,along with their concerns about the integration tendency of the Middle East.