新疆哈密市2020年畜间布病检疫净化效果评估及防控建议

Evaluation on Quarantine and Purification Effect of Livestock Brucellosis in Hami City in 2020 and Suggestions on Its Prevention and Control

为全面了解新疆哈密市畜间布病流行情况,评估布病检疫净化效果,为周边布病检疫净化地区的布病防控工作提供有价值的参考,本研究采用虎红平板凝集和试管凝集试验相结合的方式,对2020年哈密市1区2县的1 672 896份未免疫牛羊血清样品开展两轮布病全检,从不同季节、不同区县和不同畜种三方面对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果显示:全市畜间布病阳性率为0.42%,其中羊布病阳性率为0.41%,牛布病阳性率为0.46%,牛的阳性率显著高于羊(X2=10.53,P<0.05);春夏两季牛羊布病阳性率显著高于秋冬两季(X2=1099,P<0.05);不同区县布病阳性率存在显著差异,其中伊州区羊布病阳性率最高(0.83%,4 907/592 813),与巴里坤县的(0.10%)和伊吾县的(0.28%)差异极显著(P<0.05);伊州区牛布病阳性率最高(0.69%,581/84 461),与巴里坤县的(0.27%)和伊吾县的(0.35%)差异极显著(P<0.05)。结果提示,家畜布病阳性率可能与交易模式、交易频次等因素密切相关,需继续加强布病净化工作和养殖场综合防疫管理措施,强化调运检疫力度,最大程度地降低疫情传播风险。

In order to comprehensively figure out the prevalence situation of brucellosis among livestock in Hami city, analyze the effect of quarantine and purification, and to provide a feasible reference for prevention and control of brucellosis in surrounding areas, the Rose Bengal plate agglutination test and tube agglutination test were used to conduct two rounds of complete tests for Brucella in 1 672 896 unimmunized bovine and sheep serum samples from one district and two counties in Hami city in 2020. The test results were analyzed statistically from three aspects of different seasons, different districts and counties, and different breeds. The results showed that the positive rate of brucellosis in the whole city was 0.42%, of which the positive rate of sheep brucellosis was 0.41%, and that of bovine brucellosis was 0.46%, the positive rate in cattle was significantly higher than that in sheep(X2=10.53, P<0.05);the positive rate of bovine and sheep brucellosis in spring and summer was significantly higher than that in autumn and winter(X2=1 099, P<0.05);there were significant differences in the positive rate of brucellosis among different districts and counties, and the positive rate of sheep brucellosis was the highest in Yizhou district(0.83%, 4 907/592 813), which was extremely significantly higher than that in Barkol county(0.10%) and Yiwu county(0.28%)(P<0.05);the positive rate of bovine brucellosis in Yizhou district was the highest(0.69%, 581/84 461), which was extremely significantly different from that in Barkol county(0.27%) and Yiwu county(0.35%)(P<0.05). The results indicated that the positive rate of brucellosis in livestock might be closely related to the trading pattern and frequency, and it was necessary to continue to strengthen the work of brucellosis purification and comprehensive epidemic prevention and control measures on farms, and to strengthen the quarantine intensity for transported livestock, so as to minimize the risk of disease transmission.