《民法典》居住权制度探微

On the System of Right of Habitation in Civil Code

《民法典》居住权制度对于实现房屋利用的多元化、保障弱势群体的居住利益具有重要的意义。居住权法律规范的正确适用有赖于对其予以妥当解释。居住权的功能定位应为“满足生活居住需要”;其主体应当限定为自然人;其客体应为“住宅”,既包括城市居民的住宅,也包括农村村民的住宅,既可以是住宅的全部,也可以是住宅的一部分;居住权的取得和消灭均应当在《民法典》的视野下作体系化理解。居住权制度适用中居住权人与所有权人、抵押权人、住宅买受人之间的利益冲突应基于民法理论予以解决。从体系化的角度来看,《民法典》中的居住权还应包括法定居住权和裁判居住权。

The system of right of habitation in Civil Code is of great significance for realizing the diversification of housing utilization and protecting the housing interests of vulnerable groups.The correct application of legal norms of right of habitation depends on proper interpretation.The functional orientation of the right of habitation should be"to meet the needs of life and residence";the subject of the habitation right should be limited to natural persons;the object should be"residence",including the residence of urban residents and the residence of rural villagers;it can be the whole or part of the residence;its acquisition and destruction should be systematically understood in the perspective of the Civil Code.In the application of the right of habitation system,the conflict of interest between the holder of habitation right and the owner,the mortgagee and the buyer of the residence should be solved according to the theory of civil law.From the perspective of systematization,the right of habitation in Civil Code should also include the right of legal habitation and the right of judicial habitation.