煤矿高矿化度矿井水零排放处理技术现状及展望

Current situation and prospect of zero discharge treatment technology for high mineralized mine water

为降低煤矿高矿化度矿井水对地表环境的污染,实现矿井水资源化利用,在地表生态环境脆弱地区,将高矿化度矿井水零排放处理势在必行。根据高矿化度矿井水水质特征和处理要求,介绍了预处理、浓缩、蒸发分盐等技术现状;其中,预处理技术包括除悬浮物、除铁锰、除有机物、除硬除硅技术,浓缩技术包括膜浓缩技术和蒸发浓缩技术,结晶分盐技术包括膜法分盐及热法分盐技术。结合不同类型的高矿化度矿井水水质和现有处理技术,给出三个高矿化度矿井水零排放处理工艺案例,包括进水和出水水质、处理规模、工艺流程和运行成本等。最后,建议根据不同类型高矿化度矿井水,制定零排放处理技术标准,形成技术体系;研发高效预处理除硬技术,开发抗污堵膜材料,提高膜浓缩倍率,降低投资与运行成本;有条件的矿区开展同类型高矿化度矿井水区域联合治理,浓盐水区域联合治理,杂盐资源化区域治理,提升经济效益和社会效益。

In order to reduce the surface environment pollution of high mineralized mine water and realize the resource utilization of mine water,it is imperative to treat high mineralized mine water with zero discharge treatment technology in the area of fragile surface environment.According to the water quality characteristics and treatment requirements of high mineralized mine water,the current technologies of pretreatment,concentration,and evaporative crystallization were introduced.Pretreatment technology includes removing suspended substance,iron and manganese,organic matter,hardness and silicon.Concentration technology includes membrane concentration and evaporation concentration.Evaporative crystallization technology includes salt separation with membrane process and thermal process.Considering the different water qualities and existing treatment processes of high mineralized mine water,three zero discharge treatment cases were given,including influent and effluent water quality,treatment scale,technological process and operation cost.Finally,it was suggested to formulate zero discharge treatment technical standards and form a technical system based on different types of high mineralized mine water,develop efficient pretreatment and hardness removal technology,and develop anti fouling membrane materials to improve membrane concentration ratio and reduce investment and operation costs.To improve economic and social benefits,regional joint treatment of the same type of high mineralized mine water,high-concentrated brine and utilization of miscellaneous salts should be carry out if the condition permits.