基于生态化人工海岸建设的理论研究与应用——以天津永定新河口综合整治修复工程为例

Theoretical Research and Application of Artificial Coastal Ecological Restoration Based on Ecological Construction:a Case Study in Tianjin Yongding New River Estuary Comprehensive Rehabilitation Project

分析生态文明背景下围填海区域人工海岸建设存在的问题,结合淤泥质人工海岸空间特点,总结提出了生态岸线整治修复技术、仿自然化处理设计、景观构建适宜性、人工海岸生态系统等生态化建设基础理论,并以天津永定新河口综合整治修复工程为例,重点阐述了人工海岸生态化建设过程中生态系统和景观构建的方法要点和具体思路。结果表明:在人工海岸生态化建设和生态空间构建中,岸堤浅滩清淤、仿自然化处理,有助于提升人工海岸生态属性;改良土壤盐渍化,移植耐盐碱植被,促进形成人工海岸复层植物群落;设计生态廊道,建设生态防护带,增加海洋生物数量,构建人工海岸生态环境体系,优化人工海岸生态景观格局。以“陆海统筹”理念进行人工海岸生态化建设,可提高人工海岸生态系统的稳定性和生态服务功能,构建具有地方特色的海岸生态景观,为人工海岸的生态修复提供科学参考。

The problems present in construction of artificial coasts in the reclamation areas under the background of ecological civilization are analyzed.Some basic theories on the ecological construction,such as the technology for renovation and restoration of ecological shoreline,the design of imitated natural treatment,the landscape construction suitability and the sea-land integrated artificial coast ecosystem are summarized and put forward by combining with the spatial characteristics of the muddy artificial coasts.By taking the demonstration project of comprehensive renovation and restoration at the New Mouth of Yongding River in Tianjin City as the example,the key points of method and the specific ideas for the ecosystem and landscape constructions in the process of ecological construction of artificial coast are conducted.The results show that in the ecological construction of artificial coasts and the construction of ecological space,the dredging of banks and shoals and the imitated natural treatment can help to improve the ecological properties of artificial coasts;the improvement of soil salinization and the transplanting of saline-tolerant vegetations can promote the formation of multi-layered plant communities along the artificial coasts;the design of ecological corridors,the construction of ecological protection belts and the increase in numbers of marine organisms can help to build the ecological environment system of artificial coasts and to optimize the ecological landscape pattern of artificial coasts as well.The ecological construction of artificial coasts based on the idea of“land and sea coordination”can improve the stability and service functions of the artificial coast ecosystem and form a coastal ecological landscape with local characteristics.All these can provide scientific references for the ecological restoration of artificial coasts.