生态批评的空间、伦理与形式——以叶尔克西·胡尔曼别克的自然写作为例

Space,Ethics and Form of Eco-criticism:Taking Yerkesy Hulmanbiek’s Natural Writing as an Example

哈萨克族作家叶尔克西·胡尔曼别克被研究者视为当代有代表性的生态作家,对其作品的讨论也常放在经典生态批评框架内展开,但无论在地理空间、伦理价值还是文学形式上,叶尔克西的写作都显示了某种独特性:在空间上,体现为对第二故乡北塔山的地方依恋以及对边疆文化多样性的充分“呼吸”,这与经典自然文学“荒野”形象背后的文化紧张感是不同的;在伦理上,体现为对游牧民族原初生存形态和本真生命状态的追忆;在形式上,则体现为对游牧群体的感觉结构与语言表达方式的深切把握,对生命共通感和循环往复的时空观的体认。叶尔克西的写作显示出“原生态”写作与标准生态写作之间的微妙差异,在讨论这类作品的生态意义时,应具有相当的理论自觉,要对经典的批评框架做出反思和调整,如此方能揭示中国自然写作、环境文学的独特性,进而丰富对人与自然关系的想象。

Yerkesy Hulmanbiek,a Kazakh writer,is regarded by researchers as a representative contemporary ecological writer,and the discussion of her works is often carried out within the framework of classical ecological criticism.However,Yerkesy’s writing shows certain uniqueness in terms of geographical space,ethical value and literary form.In space,it is reflected in the attachment to Beita Mountain,the second hometown,and the full“breathing”of the cultural diversity of the frontier,which is different from the cultural tension behind the“wilderness”image of classical natural literature.Ethically,it is reflected in the recollection of the original living form and the true life state of the nomadic people.In the form,it is reflected in the deep grasp of the sense structure and language expression of the nomadic group,and the recognition of the common sense of life and the cyclic concept of time and space.Yerkesi’s writing shows the subtle difference between the“original ecology”writing and the standard ecology writing.When discussing the ecological significance of such works,we should have considerable theoretical consciousness,reflect and adjust the classical critical framework,so as to reveal the uniqueness of Chinese nature writing and environment literature,and enrich the imagination of the relationship between man and nature.