“三区三州”脱贫地区防止返贫致贫应对策略研究——基于脆弱性分析视角

Study on the Strategies of Preventing Returning to Poverty in“Three Regions and Three States”Poverty-free Areas:From the Perspective of Vulnerability Analysis

“十四五”时期,巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接、防止返贫致贫是脱贫地区实现乡村振兴的前提和基础。“三区三州”脱贫地区长期受自然环境、经济水平、制度结构、民族文化等复杂因素多重叠加的影响,其乡村生计系统还十分脆弱,返贫致贫风险较高。通过“脆弱性—抗逆力”作用机理分析,从前瞻性、预见性的动态视角探析新时期乡村振兴背景下“三区三州”脱贫地区乡村生计系统的脆弱性表现及面临的潜在风险,分别从持续推动绿色减贫、拓展农户生计多样化、提高农户内生发展能力、加大基本公共产品均衡供给、提升乡村韧性治理、加强基层组织建设、完善社会保障制度、开展风险监测预警八个方面,提出降低“三区三州”脱贫地区乡村生计系统脆弱性、提升抗逆力的应对措施和建议。

During the“14th Five Year Plan”period,consolidating and expanding the results of poverty eradication and rural revitalization should be effectively connected,and preventing the return of poverty is the prerequisite and foundation for rural revitalization in areas that have been lifted out of poverty.Saddled with long term and complicated factors such as natural environment,economic level,institutional structure and national culture,“three regions and three states”poverty-free area’s rural livelihood system is very fragile,posing a grave threat to returning to poverty.Analyzing the manifestation of rural livelihood system vulnerability and its potential risks in deep poverty free area through the analysis of the mechanism of“vulnerability—resistance”and from the dynamic perspective of forwarding looking amid China’s rural vitalization,responsive measures and suggestions on improving the rural livelihood system vulnerability in“three regions and three states”poverty-free area and anti-resistance will be put forward from the following eight areas:continuing to promote the development of green industries,expanding the diversification of farmers’livelihoods,increasing the balanced supply of basic public products,improving farmers’endogenous development capabilities,improving rural resilience governance,improving the social security system,strengthening the construction of grassroots organizations,and carrying out risk monitoring and early warning.