跨国(境)药品犯罪的打击与防范研究

Research on the Strike and Prevention of Transnational Drug Crime

跨国(境)药品犯罪具有涉外性和涉药性的双重属性,因此此类犯罪具有犯罪主体专业有组织、涉案药品种类多且杂、法益侵犯具有双重性、流通路径快速且隐蔽、刑事管辖权争议凸显的特征;结合对药品市场数据及裁判文书网等材料分析可发现,此类案件呈现出假冒伪劣及网红药品进口增多、境内外组织协同趋势逐步增强、非法出口不断向国外市场开拓、工序隐秘多据点规避公安侦查、非法代购与多途径供销链兼具的发展趋势。为应对此类案件,公安机关应从法规以及配套细则建设、药品犯罪侦办机构建设、警察能力以及队伍建设、药品流通监管机制建设、多国联合执法机制建设五大方面构建跨国(境)药品犯罪打击与防范机制,解决目前面临的法制建设不完善、能力素养不匹配、受害群体不配合、多元防控未建立、域外调查取证难等侦办难点。

Transnational drug crimes have dual attributes:foreign-related and drug-related.Therefore,such crimes have professional and organized criminal subjects,multiple and mixed drugs involved,dual infringements of legal interests,fast and hidden circulation paths,and criminal jurisdiction disputes.Combined with the analysis of the drug market data and the China Judgement Online,it can be found that such cases show the increase in the import of counterfeit and inferior drugs,the increasing trend of collaboration between domestic and foreign organizations,and the continuous expansion of illegal exports to foreign markets,hidden processes and multiple locations,illegal purchasing agents,and multi-channel supply and marketing chains.In order to deal with such cases,the police should build transnational drug crime strike and prevention system from five major aspects:laws and regulations and supporting detailed rules,drug crime investigation agency,police capacity and team,drug circulation supervision mechanism,and multinational joint law enforcement mechanism,to solve the current difficulties of investigation and handling such as imperfect legal system construction,mismatched ability and literacy,non-cooperation of victim groups,failure to establish multiple prevention and control,and difficulty in obtaining evidence from outside the territory.