关于巴黎公社设立的组织机构的探讨——纪念巴黎公社150周年

On the Organizations Set Up by the Paris Commune:Commemorating the 150th Anniversary of the Founding of the Paris Commune

巴黎公社建立了世界上第一个新型的无产阶级国家,但它究竟设立了哪些组织机构,是一个尚未得到专门考察和梳理的问题。本文依据史料,作出了新的分析,得出与以往不同的见解,认为巴黎公社不仅设立了国民自卫军中央委员会、公社委员会和10个行政工作委员会,而且根据国家管理的需要,还设立了其他的行政组织机构和企事业单位,并对原有国家的旧机构进行了改造和利用。探讨巴黎公社设立的组织机构问题具有重要的理论和实践意义:在理论方面,它有助于正确理解马克思主义关于工人阶级革命必须“打碎资产阶级国家机器”的原理;在实践方面,巴黎公社直接成为其后的苏维埃俄国和中华人民共和国国家政权建设的范例。

Based on collected historical materials,the paper aims at answering the question about what organizations were set up by the Paris Commune after it established the first new-type proletarian state in the world.In contrast with past views,the research concludes that the Paris Commune set up the Central Committee of Garde Nationale,the Commune Committee,and ten working committees of administration.The Commune also founded other administrative institutions,enterprises and public institutions after the transformation and utilization of old institutions according to the demand of national administration.The discussion on the organizations set up by the Paris Commune has both theoretical and practical significance.In theory,it helps to understand the Marxism principle of“smashing the national apparatus of the bourgeoisie”by the revolution of working class.In practice,the Paris Commune directly became the model of state power for the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China.