创新型人力资本对全要素生产率影响研究——基于2009—2018年省级面板数据

Impact of Innovative Human Capital on Total Factor Productivity:Based on the Provincial Panel Data from 2009 to 2018

基于中国2009—2018年间30个省级面板数据,利用Malmquist指数测算得出全要素生产率(TFP)。在全区域和分区域两个层面,针对创新型人力资本对全要素生产率产生的影响做多元回归实证分析。从全区域结果来看,创新型人力资本对TFP具有显著抑制作用,主要原因是人力资本结构单一、资源错配;分区域结果表明,中、东部创新型人力资本对TFP负效应水平较高,而西部地区负效应相对较弱。此外,专利授权量、新产品销售收入、对外开放水平、城市化水平、地方政府竞争几个变量在回归结果中分别对TFP有不同程度的显著影响。基于此提出的政策建议:改进人才培育模式、人力资本结构高级化、促进创新型人才供需协调,充分发挥高素质人才在技术应用方面的作用;市场资源合理化,加强供给侧结构性改革;弱化区域间“虹吸效应”,建立沟通交流机制,努力打造各地区协同发展。

Based on 30 provincial panel data in China from 2009 to 2018,the total factor productivity(TFP)is calculated with malmquist index,aiming at the impact of innovative human capital on total factor productivity at the regional and sub-regional levels through the empirical analysis of multiple regression.The results of whole region show that the innovative human capital has a significant inhibitory effect on TFP,which may be due to the single structure of human capital and the loss of efficiency caused by resource mismatch.The results of sub-region show that the higher the level of innovative human capital in central and eastern China,the more obvious the hindrance to total factor productivity,and the adverse effects in western China are less significant,which is closely related to the different industrial structure and the proportion of input factors in different regions.In addition,the number of patent grants,sales revenue of new products,the level of opening to the outside world,the level of urbanization,and local government competition have significant effects on TFP in different degrees in the regression results.The policy suggestions are as follows:improving the talent cultivation model to advance the human capital structure in the coordination of the supply and demand of innovative talents,giving full play to the role of high-qualified talents in technological applications;rationalizing market resources and supply-side structural reforms;weakening the inter-regional"Siphon Effect"through communication mechanism to create coordinated development among regions.