碳基量子点在病毒检测及抗病毒领域的研究进展

Research progress of carbon-based quantum dots in field of virus detection and antivirus

碳基量子点,包括球形碳点和石墨烯量子点,是一类新兴的具有良好生物相容性的光致发光材料,在生物分析、细胞成像及医学诊断等领域受到研究者的广泛关注。碳基量子点的合成方法包括电弧放电法、激光烧蚀法、化学氧化法、水热合成法等,其发光机制包括量子限域效应、表面缺陷模型、共轭π域模型、边态模型等。近年来研究发现,碳基量子点在病毒检测及治疗方面具有良好的应用前景。基于碳基量子点荧光信号的改变,研究者先后建立了发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒、人T淋巴细胞白血病病毒、腺病毒、HIV病毒、肝炎病毒等的检测新方法;通过改变合成原料及表面修饰分子,研究者先后发展了对冠状病毒、疱疹病毒、黄病毒等均具有很好抑制效果的碳基量子点。本文在简要介绍碳基量子点合成方法和光学性质的基础上,系统总结了碳基量子点在病毒检测及抗病毒领域的研究进展,并对该领域目前存在的问题及未来的发展方向进行了展望。

Carbon-based quantum dots(CQDs)mainly include spherical carbon dots and graphene quantum dots,which have attracted extensive attention in the fields of biological analysis,cell imaging and medical diagnosis due to their brilliant luminescent properties and excellent biocompatibility.The synthesis methods of CQDs include arc discharge,laser ablation,chemical oxidation,hydrothermal synthesis and so on.The luminescence mechanisms of CQDs include quantum confinement effect,surface defect model,conjugatedπdomain model,edge state model and so on.In recent years,it has been found that CQDs can not only be used to establish highly sensitive methods for virus detection,but also possess good antiviral activity.Based on the change of fluorescence signal of CQDs,the researchers have established new detection methods for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus(SFTSV),human T-lymphotropic virus type 1(HTLV-1),adenovirus,human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),hepatitis B virus,etc.;besides,by changing the synthetic raw materials and surface modified molecules,the researchers have also developed CQDs with good inhibitory effect on the proliferation of many viruses,such as coronavirus,herpesvirus,flavivirus.In this paper,we briefly elaborates the synthesis methods and optical properties of CQDs,and systematically summarizes the research progress of CQDs in the field of virus detection and antivirus.Finally,the existing problems and the future development direction in this field were prospected.