磷锌配施对水稻生长、产量和养分吸收分配的影响

Effects of combined application of phosphorus and zinc fertilizer on growth,yield,nutrient absorption and distribution of rice

为指导生产实践中合理施用磷肥和锌肥、提高肥料利用率,以常规粳稻日本晴和籼型杂交稻广两优35为研究材料,设置不同磷和锌水平交互处理的大田小区试验,分析各生育期水稻的生物量、成熟期产量及构成因素及各部位磷、锌、氮和钾的含量、累积量和分配比例,阐述了水稻磷锌互作的效应及其生理机制。结果显示,不同水平的磷与锌配施对水稻的生长和产量形成以及养分的吸收分配具有协同效应或是拮抗效应,不同水稻品种表现出不同的磷锌互作效应。在中磷(80 kg/hm^(2))、低磷(40 kg/hm^(2))水平下,增施锌肥对水稻的生物量和产量具有促进效应,但在高磷(120 kg/hm^(2))水平下,增施锌肥反而降低水稻生物量。磷锌配施下,千粒重和结实率的提高是产量提高的主要原因。结果表明,适宜水平的磷锌配施不仅提高了植株中磷和锌的含量和累积量,促进磷和锌向生长中心分配,同时还提高了氮和钾的含量和累积量,促进氮向生长中心分配。

Phosphorus(P)and zinc(Zn)are both essential elements for plant growth and development.There are strong relationships between different nutrients that changing one or more nutrients in the growth medium affects the concentrations of many other nutrients in plants.Phosphorus in the form of Pi can affect the mobility and bioavailability of many metal elements including iron,manganese,copper,and Zn.Early studies performed in various crop species indicate that there is a negative relationship between Pi and Zn accumulation in plants.In this study,Guangliangyou 35(an indica hybrid rice cultivar)and Nipponbare(a conventional japonica rice cultivar)were treated with combined application of three Zn levels and four P levels in field trials.The effects of combinations of P and Zn on the growth,yield,and the nutrient utilization of rice were investigated.We analyzed the shoot dry weight at different growth stages,the yield and its components at mature stage,the concentration,accumulations and distributions of P,Zn,N and K in different organs and tissues.Results showed that the combined application of P and Zn fertilizers had synergistic effect or antagonistic effect on the rice biomass,yield,the nutrient absorption and distribution.Under the middle and low P levels,the proper application of Zn increased the biomass and yield of rice.Under the high P level,the application of Zn decreased the biomass.For different cultivars,the proper application of Zn increased the rice yield under different P levels.The significant increase of 1000-grain weight and fertility determined the increase of yield under the combined application of P and Zn fertilizers.The properly combined application of P and Zn fertilizers increased the concentrations of P and Zn in rice plant and promoted the distribution of P and Zn to the productive organ.In addition,the properly combined application of P and Zn fertilizers increased the concentrations of nitrogen(N)and potassium(K)in rice plant,and promoted the distribution of N to the productive organ,which is one of the main physiological mechanisms of increasing rice yield under the combined application of P and Zn fertilizers.