河南省粮食生产与水资源的时空匹配格局研究

Spatial-temporal Matching Patterns of Grain Production and Water Resources in Henan Province

研究区域粮食生产与水资源时空匹配格局,有利于优化水资源配置和保障粮食安全。结合河南省2000-2017年粮食产量等数据,在分析粮食生产和灌溉用水特征的基础上,采用基尼系数和不平衡指数分析二者的时空匹配格局,结果表明:河南省粮食产量呈波动增长趋势,玉米等耐旱作物种植比重持续增加且夏粮产量较高;河南省粮食灌溉用水呈先升后降的趋势且空间差异明显,其中豫南、豫东和豫北灌溉用水不断增加,而豫中和豫西则不断减少;河南省粮食产量与灌溉用水呈现“水量少,产粮多”和“灌水少,产粮多”的状态。从空间格局来看,粮食产量与水资源呈现“东部最优,北部、中部优于西部和南部”的匹配格局,粮食产量与灌溉用水则呈现“北部最优,西部、南部和东部优于中部”的格局,且匹配程度呈增加趋势,水资源量~粮食产量不平衡指数呈减小趋势,农业用水压力逐渐增大。

In order to optimize water resources allocation and ensure food security,the article evaluated the spatial-temporal matching patterns of grain production and water resources.Combined the data of grain production and water resources in Henan Province from 2000 to 2017,its characteristics in change and spaital-temporal matching patterns are analyzed by using the Gini coefficient and imbalance index.The results show that grain production is in fluctuating growth,the planting proportion of corn and other crops continue to increase and grain production in summer is higher.The grain irrigation water show a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,and its spatial difference is evident,the irrigation water was increasing in the south,east and north of Henan,while that in the central and west of Henan is decreasing.The grain production and irrigation water present the states of“less water and more grain production”and“less irrigation and more grain production”.The spatial matching patterns of grain production and water resources show that the east Henan is the best,and the north and central regions are superior to the west and south Henan from the spatial perspective,while the spatial matching patterns of grain production and irrigation water show that the north Henan is best,and the west,east and south regions are better than the central Henan,and its matching degree is increasing.The imbalance index of water resources and grain production show a decreasing trend,and the pressure of agricultural water increase gradually.