湖南省典型稻作区杂交水稻种植结构的变化特点

Changing Characteristics of Hybrid Rice Planting Structure in Typical Rice Growing Areas of Hunan Province

通过调查2016和2019年湖南省3种典型稻作区33个产粮县市的杂交水稻种植数据,分析了调查区域内杂交水稻生产面积、稻作类型、优质杂交水稻占比、栽培方式、主导品种及用种量等方面的变化特点。结果表明,与2016年对比,2019年调查区域内的水稻种植面积和杂交水稻面积均呈下降趋势,但杂交水稻的主导地位并未发生改变;采用机插、直播等轻简栽培的面积呈增加趋势,并随之带来了单位面积用种量的增加;杂交水稻品种更新换代加快,且优质杂交水稻种植面积在杂交水稻种植面积减少的情况下呈现出逆势增加的态势,表明杂交水稻米质的优劣是农户特别是种粮大户选种用种的决定因素。

By way of investigating the data of hybrid rice production of 33 grain-producing counties(cities) in three typical rice planting areas in Hunan Province in 2016 and 2019, the changing characteristics of hybrid rice production were analyzed in planting area, cropping type, proportion of high-quality hybrid rice, cultivation mode, dominant variety and seed rate, etc., in these areas. The results showed that, compared with 2016, the rice planting area and hybrid rice area in 2019 had a downward trend, but the dominant position of hybrid rice had not changed;the area of light and simplified cultivation including machine planting and direct seeding showed an increasing trend resulting in an increase of seed rate in 2019;the renewal of hybrid rice varieties was accelerated and the planting area of high-quality hybrid rice increased against the decrease of the planting area of hybrid rice in 2019, which indicates that the grain quality of hybrid rice variety has become the key factor in the choice of rice varieties for farmers, especially the big farming households.