围术期预存式自体血采集不良反应的危险因素分析及护理策略

Risk Factors for Adverse Reactions and Strategies for Nursing in Perioperative Autologous Blood Donation

目的探讨患者围术期预存式自体血采集过程中发生不良反应的危险因素及护理策略。方法选取2017年1月~2019年5月解放军总医院第一医学中心择期手术且预存式自体血采集患者2036例为研究对象,收集患者采血前一般资料,记录自体血采集过程中不良反应发生率、种类和相关因素,并制定针对性的护理策略。结果纳入研究的2036例患者中,有31例(1.52%)发生不良反应,其中以眩晕(64.52%)、虚弱出汗(41.94%)、面色苍白(38.71%)、恶心(25.81%)最常见;年龄、合并基础病、抽血前精神紧张、穿刺次数是自体血采集过程中发生不良反应的主要危险因素。结论针对不良反应发生的相关危险因素制定有效的患者自体血采集管理措施和护理策略,可以有效减少不良反应的发生,最大限度地保护患者,最终确保手术顺利开展。

Objective To discuss risk factors for adverse reactions and strategies for nursing during perioperative autologous blood donation.Methods A total of 2036 patients with pre-operative autologous blood donation(PABD)in the first medical center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2017 and May 2019 were selected.We collected general data of patients before donation,recorded the incidence,types and factors associated with adverse events(AEs)during PABD procedure,and worked out strategies for nursing.Results Among the 2036 patients included in the study,31(1.52%)experienced adverse reactions,of which vertigo(64.52%),weakness and sweating(41.94%),pallor(38.71%),nausea(25.81%)were the most common.Age,with underlying medical conditions,stressful blood draw and the number of punctures were the main risk factors associated with AEs during PABD.Conclusion In view of risk factors associated with adverse reactions,the corresponding PABD management and strategies for nursing can effectively reduce the incidence of adverse reactions to protect patients to the greatest extent,and ultimately,ensure the operation smoothly.