30个常用甘蔗亲本资源初步评价分析

Preliminary Evaluation and Analysis of 30 Frequently-used Parents in Sugarcane Germplasm Resources

【目的】研究甘蔗(Saccharum spp.)亲本特性,为甘蔗杂交育种提供参考。【方法】对30个常用甘蔗亲本资源进行初步评价,分析其在锤度、茎径、株高和分蘖率等性状上的差异性,应用聚类分析法进行分类。【结果】30个常用甘蔗亲本资源在锤度、茎径、株高和分蘖率等方面差异达到显著或极显著水平。聚类分析结果表明,30个甘蔗亲本可分为6类。第Ⅰ、Ⅱ类是高锤度细茎亲本类型,其中第Ⅰ类表现分蘖较少、植株较矮,第Ⅱ类则表现分蘖多、植株较高;第Ⅲ、Ⅳ类是低锤度中茎至中细茎亲本类型,其中第Ⅲ类表现分蘖较多、植株高,而第Ⅳ类则表现分蘖少、植株较高;第Ⅴ、Ⅵ类是中等锤度且中茎至中大茎亲本类型,其中第Ⅴ类表现分蘖中等、植株高度中等,第Ⅵ类则表现分蘖中等、植株矮。【结论】参试亲本中,引进美国甘蔗品种多属早熟高糖材料,而多数自育亲本材料则产量性状方面表现较好,如粤糖60、福农95-1702和云蔗89-391在茎径方面有突出优势。在实际甘蔗育种工作中,参试亲本中CP57-614、CP67-412等已经用于我国甘蔗育种杂交计划,而新引进材料如HoCP07-612、HoCP07-613则可考虑进一步加大利用。

【Objective】The parental characteristics of Saccharum spp.were studied to provide references for sugarcane hybrid breeding.【Method】Thirty frequently-used parents of sugarcane germplasm resources were preliminarily evaluated,among which the differences in brix,stem diameter,plant height and tiller rate were analyzed,and the cluster analysis were applied to classify these parents.【Result】There were significant or very significant differences among these parents in brix,stem diameter,plant height and tiller rate.The cluster analysis result showed that these 30 parents could be divided into 6 groups.Both the parents of typeⅠand typeⅡhad high brix and small stem diameter,while the tiller rate and plant height of the parents of typeⅠwere both lower than those of the parents of typeⅡ;Both the parents of typeⅢand typeⅣhad low brix,small to middle and middle stem diameter and high stalk,while the tiller rate of the parents of typeⅢwas higher than that of the parents of typeⅣ;Both the parents of typeⅤand typeⅥhad middle brix,middle and middle to big stem diameter and middle tiller rate,while the plant height of the parents of typeⅤwas higher than that of the parents of typeⅥ.【Conclusion】Among these tested parents,most of the imported American sugarcane varieties had earlier maturity and higher sucrose content,while many materials bred in China performed better on yield characters,for example,Yuetang60,Funong95-1702 and Yunzhe89-391 had biggest stem diameter.In the practical sugarcane breeding,some tested parents such as CP57-614 and CP67-412 have already been used in sugarcane breeding program,and the imported varieties in recent years such as HoCP07-612 and HoCP07-613 would be further utilized.