茶皂素提取纯化技术及生物活性研究进展

Research Progress in Extraction and Purification Technology of Tea Saponin and Its Biological Activity

茶皂素是一种天然非离子型表面活性剂,广泛应用于食品、药品、材料、日化和农业等领域。近年来,随着研究开发的深入,茶皂素的多种生物活性日益受到各行各业的关注。但受提取纯化技术限制,茶皂素纯度较低,导致茶皂素产业的实际经济价值远低于预期。目前国内外对茶皂素提取技术的研究主要包括辅助提取、超临界提取、闪式提取、生物提取、亚临界提取和双水相提取;纯化技术研究主要有酶解法、沉淀法、凝胶色谱法、高速逆流色谱法、大孔树脂法、膜分离法等;生物活性功能方面的研究包括抗菌、溶血活性和毒性、促植物吸收污染物、抗癌、降血脂等方面。分析茶皂素不同提取和纯化技术的优势与存在问题,以及茶皂素生物活性的构效关系,展望今后的重点研究方向,以期为茶皂素的研发和应用提供参考。

Tea saponin is a kind of natural non-ionic surfactant,which is widely used in food,medicine,materials,daily chemical,agriculture and other fields.In recent years,with the deepening of research and development,more and more attention has been paid to the biological activities of tea saponin by all walks of life.However,due to the limitation of extraction and purification technology,the purity of tea saponin is low,which makes the actual economic value of tea saponin industry far lower than expected.At present,the researches on the extraction technology of tea saponin at home and abroad include auxiliary extraction,supercritical extraction,flash extraction,biological extraction,subcritical extraction and aqueous two-phase extraction.Researches on purification technology include enzymatic hydrolysis,precipitation,gel chromatography,high-speed counter-current chromatography,macroporous resin and membrane separation.The researches on biological activity function include antibacterial,hemolytic activity and toxicity,promoting the absorption of pollutants by plants,anticancer and lipid-lowering.In this paper,the advantages and existing problems of different extraction and purification technologies and the structure-activity relationship of tea saponin were analyzed,and the key research directions in the future was proposed in order to provide references for the development and application of tea saponin.