T细胞调控及中药瞿麦在肌萎缩侧索硬化症治疗中的应用

Application of T Cells and Traditional Chinese Medicine Qumai in the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种以上、下运动神经元变性为特征的神经退行性疾病,发病机制尚不清楚,生存期3~5年,至今无法治愈。近年来,多项研究表明免疫功能失调在介导神经元损伤和疾病进展中起着至关重要的作用,肠道微生物组也参与其中。与健康个体比较,免疫细胞群在ALS中差异性扩增和活化。随着病情恶化,在ALS患者及小鼠模型上发现CD8^(+)和CD4^(+)T细胞浸润中枢神经系统,外周血Th1/Th17淋巴细胞增多,调节性T细胞数目减少及功能下降。本综述关注T细胞在ALS发病机制中的作用,讨论免疫功能异常导致的ALS疾病风险和进展,以及中药瞿麦在外周及中枢神经系统中的免疫调节作用。增强抗炎反应性和逆转免疫功能失调的细胞治疗策略可能成为减缓ALS患者疾病进展和改善生活质量的有效手段。

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons.Its pathogenesis is still unclear,and its survival period is 3-5 years.In recent years,many studies have shown that immune imbalance plays a crucial role in mediating neuronal damage and disease progression,and intestinal microbiome is also involved.Compared with healthy individuals,the immune cell population in ALS expanded and activated differently.With the deterioration of the disease in ALS patients and mouse models,CD8^(+)and CD4^(+)T cells infiltrated into the central nervous system,and Th1/Th17 lymphocytes increased and the number and function of regulatory T cells decreased in peripheral blood.This review focuses on the role of T cells in the pathogenesis of ALS,discusses the risk and progress of ALS caused by immune abnormalities,and explores the immunoregulatory role of Qumai in peripheral and central nervous system.Cell therapy strategies to enhance anti-inflammatory response and reverse immune imbalance may become an effective means to slow dowm disease progression and improve the quality of life of ALS patients.