共享单车押金性质探析

Analysis on the Nature of Shared Bicycle Deposit

共享单车企业向消费者收取押金的性质与线下交易之押金性质不同,应被认定为债之关系,消费者在交付押金后无法保有其所有权,仅享有对共享单车企业的债权返还请求权,因而其只能向共享单车企业主张返还,不可任意穿透债的相对性原理而及于第三人。在此前提下,倘若企业破产后消费者仍无法追回其全部押金,除可适用公司法人人格否认制度向股东追偿等少数情形之外,该损失应依私法自治原则,由消费者个人承担。

The nature of the deposit collected by shared bicycle corporations from consumers is different from the nature of deposits for offl ine transactions.It should be recognized as a debt relationship.Consumers cannot retain the ownership after paying the deposit,and only enjoy the right to request the return of the creditor’s rights to the bike-sharing company.Therefore,it can only claim repayment to the shared bicycle corporations,and cannot arbitrarily penetrate the principle of relativity of debt to other parties.Under this premise,if consumers still cannot recover their full deposits after the enterprise goes bankrupt,except for a few cases where the corporate personality denial system can be applied to recover from shareholders,the losses should be borne by consumers in accordance with the autonomy spirit of private law.