苗疆边墙沿线婚丧文化变迁研究

A study on the Changes of Wedding and Funeral Culture along the Border Wall of Miao

苗疆边墙是一条看到的军事防线,也是一条隐形的文化界线。清中叶以来,在一系列“王化”措施的影响下,苗疆边墙沿线的婚丧文化发生了显著变化。在婚恋文化方面,苗疆边墙以外的广大“生苗区”以“跳月”“赶边边场”为主要婚恋途径,具有以歌为媒、自主选择、自由不羁的特点;苗疆边墙以内的“熟苗区”受汉族婚恋文化潜移默化地影响,逐渐讲究六礼,重人伦、礼仪。在丧祭文化方面,民国以前,苗疆边墙以外的广大“生苗区”基本沿袭着苗族传统的丧祭习俗,近现代逐渐融合了汉族丧祭习俗;在苗疆边墙以内,汉族丧祭习俗得到广泛传播以及一定程度的接纳。

The Miao border wall is not only a visible military defense line,but also an invisible cultural line.Since the middle of the Qing dynasty,under the influence of a series of“King”measures,the marriage and funeral culture along the border wall of Miao has changed significantly.In terms of love and marriage culture,the majority of the“original Miao areas”outside the Miao border wall take“Tiaoyue(jumping to the moon)”and“going to the border market”as the main ways of love and marriage,with the characteristics of taking songs as the media,independent choice and free uninhibited;the“mixed Miao areas”within the Miao border wall are imperceptibly influenced by the Han love and marriage culture,and gradually pay attention to the six rituals,human relations and etiquette.In the aspect of funeral culture,before the Republic of China,the majority of“original Miao areas”outside the border wall of Miao basically followed the traditional funeral custom of Miao nationality,and modern times gradually integrated the funeral custom of Han nationality;within the border wall of Miao nationality,the funeral custom of Han nationality was widely spread and accepted to a certain extent.