在布哈拉与“幸福门”之间--十六至十九世纪中亚穆斯林朝觐与丝绸之路西段的耦合

The Route Between Bukhara and Istanbul:Muslim Hajj and Silk Road from the 16^(th) Century to the 19^(th) Century

一般认为,在大航海之后,传统的陆上丝绸之路就逐渐衰落了。也有学者通过对毛皮之路、茶叶之路以及欧亚大陆南北商贸路线的研究,力图纠正这种衰落论。实际上,衰落首先是一个相对的概念。大航海之后的世界,随着白银在全世界的流通和全球贸易的发展,的确使得大宗海洋贸易更加有利可图。但这并不意味着传统陆上丝绸之路的全面衰落。16—19世纪中亚穆斯林从中亚经伊斯坦布尔的朝觐之路,应该被视为丝绸之路西段的一部分。朝觐不只是宗教功课,也同时伴随着一定规模的人员流动和贸易活动。在这个意义上,考察穆斯林的朝觐之路也可以扩大我们对传统丝绸之路的认知。

It is generally acknowledged that the traditional continental Silk Road gradually declined with the rise of global maritime trade routes.But some studies have tried to correct this viewpoint by doing research in the fields of the Fur Routes,the Tea Routes and the Eurasian north-south trade routes.In reality,"decline"is at first a phenomenon in relative context.With the worldwide circulation of silver and the development of international trade after the opening of the global maritime trade routes,bulk maritime trade really became more profitable.However,this didn't mean the overall fall of the traditional continental Silk Road.The route to Hajj-pilgrimage by Muslims between Central Asia and Istanbul from the 16^(th) century to the 19^(th) century should be regarded as a part of the western section of the Silk Road.Hajj pilgrimage was not merely a religious worship,but also went together with massive mobility of people and trade activity.In this sense,Hajj pilgrimage by Muslims can widen and deepen our understanding of the traditional Silk Road.