马克思的“道德批判”及其方法论启示——基于对《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的解读

Marx’s“Moral Criticism”and Its Methodological Enlightenment:Based on the Interpretation of Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

“道德批判”是马克思社会批判理论的一个重要维度,也是《1844年经济学哲学手稿》(以下简称《手稿》)中的重要内容。马克思在《手稿》中的“道德批判”并非简单地以抽象的“应然”批判“实然”,而是在揭露资本主义社会现实,着重批判国民经济学的利益观、劳动观和消费观的基础上,构建并初步阐述了自己的共产主义道德理想。马克思的“道德批判”中蕴含着事实与价值、物的尺度与人的尺度、现实性与理想性“三重统一”的思考方式和方法论原则。马克思的“道德批判”既彰显马克思资本主义批判思想独具的道德批判与政治经济学批判、伦理性与科学性内在契合辩证统一的理论特质,又对我们深入理解、把握马克思主义理论精髓,坚定中国特色社会主义自信和共产主义理想信念,提高对实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦、推进构建人类命运共同体的深入理解与实践自觉,具有重要的现实意义和方法论启示。

"Moral Criticism"is an important dimension of Marx’s social critical theory, and also an important content in Economic and Philosophical Manuscript of 1844(hereinafter referred to as Manuscript). Marx’s "Moral Criticism"in Manuscript does not simply criticize "reality"with abstract"ought to be". On the basis of exposing the reality of capitalist society and criticizing the interest view,labor view and consumption view of national economics, it constructs and preliminarily expounds its own communist moral ideal. Marx’s"Moral Criticism"contains the thinking mode and methodological principle of "triple unity"of fact and value, material scale and human scale, reality and idealism. It shows the unique theoretical characteristics of the dialectical unity of moral criticism and political economy criticism,ethics and science in Marx’s capitalist critical thought. It also has important practical significance and methodological enlightenment for us to deeply understand and grasp the essence of Marxist theory,strengthen the confidence of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the ideal and belief of communism,improve the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and promote the indepth understanding and practical consciousness of building a community of shared future for mankind.