基于多维意象图式的量词“道”语义扩展路径新探

New Exploration on Semantic Extension of the Quantifier Dao(道)Based on a Multi-Dimensional Image Schemata

量词一直以来都是对外汉语教学中的重点、难点。文章根据“道”的本义及人与世界的互动体验,并对北京大学CCL语料库、国家语委语料库中量词“道”的相关组配成分、方式进行穷尽考察、分类,构建了其多维意象图式,提出量词“道”基于空间域向时间域的图式变化形成了统一的语义扩展路径,归纳并阐明了从二维空间中[+长条形][+凸显]、三维空间中[+延伸][+横/纵向阻隔]到一维时间中[+顺序][+切分时间]的语义分布及关联。这为刻画个体名量词在内的词汇语义提供了较为完整和通用的研究思路和方法,对汉语词汇教学也有一定参考价值。

Quantifiers have always been the focus and difficulty in TCSL.Based on the original meaning and interactions between humans and the outside world,the paper constructs a multi-dimensional image schemata of the quantifier Dao(道)from space-region to tempo-region,after an exhaustive investigation and classification of collocations of the quantifier Dao in CCL Corpus and Chinese National Corpus.It puts forward a unified semantic extension of the quantifier Dao based on the variation of image schemata from space-region to tempo-region.To be specific,it summarizes and clarifies the distribution and correlation of semantics from[+long strip][+prominence]in two-dimensional space-region,[+extension][+horizontal/vertical barrier]in three-dimensional space-region,to[+sequence][+time segmentation]in one-dimensional tempo-region.Furthermore,the paper can provide a more complete and universal method in exploring the semantics of words including individual noun quantifier,which has reference value for vocabulary teaching of TCSL.