诺曼征服后的英格兰郡长角色研究(1066—1216年)

A Study on the Role of Sheriff in England after Norman Conquest(1066-1216)

在1066年诺曼征服后的英格兰社会变革中,郡长受职于王权,扎根于地方,这决定其身份具有多重性。对王权而言,郡长是国王在地方的代理人、令状的执行人,是王权稳固的基础,也是王权下的叛逆者,具有离心倾向;对地方而言,郡长既是地方权益的掠夺者,又是地方秩序的维护者。郡长对于王权和地方的多重角色扮演体现其本身的复杂性、矛盾性,这使得诺曼征服后的英格兰社会发生一系列变革。

In the social changes in England after the Norman Conquest of 1066,sheriffs were subordinate to the crown and took root in the local areas,which determined the multiplicity of their identities.To the crown,the sheriffs were the agents in the local areas,the executors of writs,and the foundation of the royal power steadiness.At the same time,they were also rebels against the royal power with centrifugal tendency,while not only plunderers of local rights and interests but also vindicators of local order for the locals.The multiple roles played by the sheriffs to the crown and the local reflected its complexity and contradictoriness,which led to a series of changes in the English society after the Norman Conquest.