新型冠状病毒肺炎入境筛查患者膳食营养调查

Investigation on Dietary Nutrition of Imported Screening Patients of COVID-19

目的:了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)入境筛查患者膳食状况,为改善其营养状况提供科学依据。方法:采用食物频率法调查2020年3月25日—2020年6月18日于定点医院就诊的18~50岁COVID-19入境筛查患者(包括可疑症状患者及无症状感染者)的饮食状况,计算能量及营养素摄入量,并与中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量进行比较。结果:调查共纳入247人,其中可疑症状患者211人、无症状感染者36人。筛查患者水产类、蔬菜、水果、大豆类存在不同程度的摄入不足;畜禽类、蛋类摄入过量;膳食纤维、硫胺素、钙摄入不足;无症状感染者水产类摄入量高于可疑症状患者(P<0.05);男性无症状感染者膳食纤维及维生素E摄入量高于可疑症状患者,女性无症状感染者维生素E及钾摄入量高于可疑症状患者(P<0.05)。筛查患者蛋白质供能比及优质蛋白比例合理,无症状感染者脂肪供能比偏高、碳水化合物供能比偏低。结论:入境筛查患者膳食结构不合理,应对其进行营养宣教,并根据人群特点调整饮食结构。

Objective To understand the dietary nutrition of imported screening patients of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and provide scientific basis for improving nutritional status.Method Food Frequency Method was used to investigate the dietary status of patients with suspicious symptoms and asymptomatic patients who were treated in designated hospital from March 25,2020 to June 18,2020.The energy and nutrient intakes were obtained and compared with the reference intake of dietary nutrients for Chinese residents.Result Totally 247 patients were included in the investigation,among which 211 were patients with suspicious symptoms and 36 were asymptomatic patients.Imported screening patients had insufficient intakes of aquatic products,vegetables,fruits,and soybeans to varying degrees,excessive intake of livestock and eggs,insufficient intake of dietary fiber,thiamine,and calcium.The intake of aquatic products of asymptomatic patients was higher than that of patients with suspicious symptoms(P<0.05).The intakes of dietary fiber and vitamin E in asymptomatic male patients were higher than that inpatients with suspicious symptoms,and the intakes of vitamin E and kalium in asymptomatic female patients were higher than that in patients with suspicious symptoms(P<0.05).The protein energy supply ratio and the proportion of high-quality protein in imported screening patients were reasonable.Asymptomatic patients had a higher fat energy supply ratio and a lower carbohydrate energy supply ratio compared with the recommended standards.Conclusion The dietary structure of imported screening patients of COVID-19 is unreasonable.Nutritional education should be conducted to adjust the dietary structure according to the characteristics of the population.