环境监测中影响总磷—磷酸盐测定的误差因素

The Error Factors Affecting the Determination of Total Phosphorus inEnvironmental Monitoring

在天然水和废水中,磷几乎都以磷酸盐的形式存在,它们分为正磷酸盐、缩合磷酸盐(焦磷酸盐、偏磷酸盐和多磷酸盐)和有机结合的磷(如磷脂等),存在于溶液、腐殖质粒子或水生生物中。一般天然水中磷酸盐的含量不高。化肥、冶金、合成洗涤剂等行业的工业废水及生活污水中磷的含量较高。水体中如果磷的含量过高(如超过0.2 mg/L),可造成藻类过度繁殖,如果浓度达到有害的程度(成为富氧化),就会造成湖泊、河流、海水透明度降低,水质变坏,破坏海洋环境。可见磷是评价水质的重要指标。而总磷—磷酸盐的测定对于环境保护与监测,以及污水处理过程的工艺调试及污水排放监测具有极其重要的作用。

In natural water and wastewater,phosphorus mostly exists in the form of phosphate,which is divided into orthophosphate,condensed phosphate(pyrophosphate,metaphosphate,and polyphosphate)and organically bound phosphorus(such as Phospholipids,etc.),and it is distributed in solution,humus and aquatic organisms.Generally,the content of phosphate in natural water is not high while it is relatively high in domestic sewage and industrial wastewater from fertilizer,metallurgy,synthetic detergent,etc.If the phosphorus content in the water body is excessively high(e.g.,more than 0.2 mg/L),it can cause the overproduction of algae.If the concentration reaches a detrimental level(becomes rich in oxidation),it will incur a pernicious consequence of decrease in the transparency of lakes,rivers,and seawater,deterioration of water quality,and destruction of marine environment.It can be seen that phosphorus serves as a momentous indicator for evaluating water quality.The determination of total phosphorus-phosphate plays a crucial role in environmental protection and monitoring,as well as the sewage treatment process debugging and discharge monitoring.