摘要
饲用草产品在收获、加工、贮藏及运输过程中易遭受雨淋、干燥不完全或装卸挤压时造成叶片脱落发生真菌性病害,引起品质劣变,不仅直接带来经济损失,而且部分真菌毒素会对家畜及人类健康造成安全隐患。真菌毒素是继农药残留、病虫害、无机污染物后,影响饲用草产品质量安全的关键风险因子。饲用草产品中真菌毒素的污染状况、检测方法、限量标准和风险评估的研究对于其质量安全具有重要意义。本研究系统阐述了饲用草产品中主要真菌毒素:黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、T-2毒素、伏马毒素的污染状况及毒性,分析和总结了其检测方法及限量标准,对饲用草产品中真菌毒素风险评估及脱毒方法进行了概述;在此基础上,对饲用草产品真菌毒素的研究方向进行了展望,以期为该领域后续的研究提供参考。
During harvesting,processing,storage and transportation,forage and plant products may be exposed to rain,or subject to deterioration arising from incomplete drying or physical crushing during handling when being loaded or unloaded.Such factors can cause leaf abscission and fungal invasion,resulting in quality deterioration,which not only incurs direct economic losses,but also raises the possibility that some mycotoxins may pose a safety hazard to livestock and human health.Mycotoxins are another key risk factor affecting the quality and safety of forage products along with pesticide residues,diseases and insect pests and inorganic pollutants.It is important to build a body of knowledge on their sources and occurrence,detection methods,standards for tolerance limits and risk Assessment related to mycotoxins in plant-derived products.Such information will generally enhance the quality and safety of forage and plant products.This review summarizes the main mycotoxins in plant and forage products:aflatoxins,ochratoxin,zearalenone,deoxynivalenol,T-2 mycotoxin and fumonisin.Levels of pollution and toxicity,analyzed and summarized of its detection methods,standards for tolerance limits and risk assessment are discussed.Mycotoxins in forage products can be controlled,degraded and controlled by chemical,physical and biological methods,but not can be completely removed.Safety with respect to mycotoxins in plant and forage products needs focus on"prevention"rather than"removal".The present work should form a basis from which to identify the future research directions for research on mycotoxins in forage products,and provide a reference for researchers in this field.
作者
李宇宇
贾玉山
格根图
王志军
都帅
孙林
降晓伟
吴洪新
侯美玲
陈喜梅
LI Yu-yu;JIA Yu-shan;GE Gen-tu;WANG Zhi-jun;DU Shuai;SUN Lin;JIANG Xiao-wei;WU Hong-xin;HOU Mei-ling;CHEN Xi-mei(Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation Processing and High Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources,Ministry of Education P.R.of China,Inner Mongolia College of Grassland Resources and Environment,Hohhot 010019,China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural Sciences&Animal Husbandry,Hohhot 010019,China;Agricultural and Rural Grassland Product Safety Risk Assessment Laboratory Grassland Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hohhot 010019,China;College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities,Tongliao 028000,China;Inner Mongolia Grassland Survey and Planning Institute,Hohhot 010019,China)
出处
《草业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第4期191-204,共14页
Acta Prataculturae Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31760710)
十三五国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0502103)
发酵型TMR微生物多样性及品质调控研究(2018LH03020)
内蒙古自治区科技创新引导项目(KCBJ2018047)资助。
关键词
饲用草产品
真菌毒素
检测方法
限量标准
风险评估
forage products
mycotoxins
detection methods
limits standard
risk assessment