饲用草产品主要真菌毒素污染检测、风险评估与控制研究进展

Progress in research on detection,risk assessment and control of mycotoxins in forage products

饲用草产品在收获、加工、贮藏及运输过程中易遭受雨淋、干燥不完全或装卸挤压时造成叶片脱落发生真菌性病害,引起品质劣变,不仅直接带来经济损失,而且部分真菌毒素会对家畜及人类健康造成安全隐患。真菌毒素是继农药残留、病虫害、无机污染物后,影响饲用草产品质量安全的关键风险因子。饲用草产品中真菌毒素的污染状况、检测方法、限量标准和风险评估的研究对于其质量安全具有重要意义。本研究系统阐述了饲用草产品中主要真菌毒素:黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、T-2毒素、伏马毒素的污染状况及毒性,分析和总结了其检测方法及限量标准,对饲用草产品中真菌毒素风险评估及脱毒方法进行了概述;在此基础上,对饲用草产品真菌毒素的研究方向进行了展望,以期为该领域后续的研究提供参考。

During harvesting,processing,storage and transportation,forage and plant products may be exposed to rain,or subject to deterioration arising from incomplete drying or physical crushing during handling when being loaded or unloaded.Such factors can cause leaf abscission and fungal invasion,resulting in quality deterioration,which not only incurs direct economic losses,but also raises the possibility that some mycotoxins may pose a safety hazard to livestock and human health.Mycotoxins are another key risk factor affecting the quality and safety of forage products along with pesticide residues,diseases and insect pests and inorganic pollutants.It is important to build a body of knowledge on their sources and occurrence,detection methods,standards for tolerance limits and risk Assessment related to mycotoxins in plant-derived products.Such information will generally enhance the quality and safety of forage and plant products.This review summarizes the main mycotoxins in plant and forage products:aflatoxins,ochratoxin,zearalenone,deoxynivalenol,T-2 mycotoxin and fumonisin.Levels of pollution and toxicity,analyzed and summarized of its detection methods,standards for tolerance limits and risk assessment are discussed.Mycotoxins in forage products can be controlled,degraded and controlled by chemical,physical and biological methods,but not can be completely removed.Safety with respect to mycotoxins in plant and forage products needs focus on"prevention"rather than"removal".The present work should form a basis from which to identify the future research directions for research on mycotoxins in forage products,and provide a reference for researchers in this field.