2016-2020年吉林省流感病原学监测分析

Analysis on the Etiology of Influenza in Jilin Province from 2016 to 2020

目的了解2016-2020年吉林省流感病毒的流行趋势、病原学变化特点,为本省流感防控提供科学依据。方法对吉林省13家流感监测哨点医院报告的流感样病例(ILI)进行统计学分析,对采集的流感样病例标本进行实验室检测和病原学监测分析。结果 2016-2020年度ILI就诊比例呈逐年上升的趋势,4个监测年度报告的ILI比例差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7 681.309,P<0.05)。2016-2020年度流感样病例年龄段主要集中在15岁以下儿童,不同监测年度ILI年龄构成比差异有统计学差异(χ^(2)=636.663,P<0.05)。4个监测年度共采集流感样病例患者咽拭子标本35 504份,检测阳性标本5042份,阳性率为14.20%。除2018-2019年以B型流感病毒为流行优势株外,其它三个监测年度都以A型流感病毒为流行优势株,H3N2亚型和H1N1pdm亚型交替流行。结论 2016-2020年吉林省ILI就诊比例的流行高峰发生在冬春季,15岁以下年龄组为主要的易感人群,应加强相应的防控措施并积极推广流感疫苗的接种。

Objective To understand the epidemic trend and etiological characteristics of influenza viruses in Jilin Province from 2016 to 2020,and to provide scientific basis for influenza prevention and control in the province. Methods Statistical analysis was carried out on influenza-like cases(ILI)reported by 13 influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Jilin Province,and laboratory testing and pathogenic monitoring and analysis were carried out on the collected influenza-like case specimens. Results The proportion of ILI visits from 2016 to 2020 showed an upward trend year by year,and the difference in the proportion of ILI reported in the four monitoring years was statistically significant(Χ^(2)=7 681.309,P<0.05). The age group of influenzalike cases from 2016 to 2020 is mainly concentrated in children under 15 years old,and there are statistical differences in the age composition ratio of ILI between different monitoring years(Χ^(2)=636.663,P<0.05). A total of 35,504 throat swab specimens from patients with influenza-like cases were collected in the 4 monitoring years,and 5,042 positive specimens were detected,with a positive rate of 14.20%. Except for the influenza B virus as the predominant strain in 2018-2019,influenza A virus was the predominant strain in the other three monitoring years,and the H3N2 subtype and H1 N1 pdm subtype were alternately circulating. Conclusion The prevalence peak of the proportion of ILI visits in Jilin Province from 2016 to 2020 occurs in winter and spring. The age group under 15 years old is the main susceptible population. Corresponding prevention and control measures should be strengthened and influenza vaccination should be actively promoted.