冷酷的优生学与悲悯的心——潘光旦社会思想中的女性观

The Apathetic Eugenics and the Sympathetic Heart:View of Women in Pan Guangdan’s Social Thought

潘光旦社会思想中有关个性和种族之间的张力问题比较突出,尤其体现在女性的个性发展以及生育职责的承担方面。优生学的立场对女性而言是"冷酷"的,潘先生寄希望于社会施行性别教育,让女性自觉认识到生养教对种族发展的意义,并提出社会应将这一"大义"置于较高位置。潘先生的女性观意图不在于挤压女性的个性,而在于人类发展。其背后是生物人、社会人以及文化人的整全的人性假设,经由社会制度安排,实现个人、社会和民族间的协调发展,并取得人的自然性和伦理性的和谐,实现民族大义。这是将人性(尤其是遗传、生理、心理等)纳入制度框架的一个有益尝试。本文将潘先生的女性观置于他的社会思想之中,试图打捞其女性观的合理之处,并剖析其历史局限,从而为新时期的家庭建设提供有益的参考。

In Pan Guangdan’s social thought the mutual influence between individuals and a nation stood out,especially manifested in the relationship between individual women’s development and their reproductive responsibilities.Although Eugenics was cruel to women,Pan pinned his hopes on sex education so as for women to be aware of the significance of their responsibilities in areas of reproduction,rearing and child education for national development.He suggested that society should place raising this awareness among women high on the agenda.Pan’s goal was not to suppress women’s individuality but to promote human development.What’s behind was a hypothesis of humanity built on a unity of natural human with the social being and the cultural person,one that was facilitated by social systems to realize a balanced development between the individual,society and the nation.This balanced development helped individuals achieve a harmony of national significance between human nature and ethics.This is a meaningful experiment in integrating human nature(especially genetics,physiology and psychology)into a systemic framework.This paper puts Mr.Pan’s view of women into his social thoughts,trying to salvage the rationality of his view of women and analyze its historical limitations,so as to provide a useful reference for family construction in the new period.