重大突发公共事件中妇女的日常生活、家庭关系与自我关怀——一项基于75位妇女叙述的研究

Women’s Everyday Life,Familial Relationships and Self-Care During the Outburst of Public Health Emergency in China: A Study Based on 75 Women’s Narratives

作者在2020年初收集了全国各地75位妇女关于疫情期间日常生活的文字记录资料,并围绕家务、照料对35位妇女进行了深入访谈,探索她们应对生活及家庭关系变化的方式以及由此生发的对性别角色的自我反思与改变。研究发现,女性的自我反思根据照料与家务负担、婚育情况等情境性影响因素以及照料体验、职业发展、个人阅历等观念性影响因素形成不同的类型。是否有照料责任和婚育状态/年龄段是妇女自我反思和关怀的两个首要条件。在有照料责任的妇女中,无论是正面还是负面体会,都会促成其自我反思与关怀;而对家务负担习以为常的妇女则相反。此外,妇女会因职业发展状态不同产生不同的反思动力,50岁以上的妇女则因丰富的生活阅历与个人体悟而进行深刻反思与积极改变。这三者与妇女在家庭、职业等领域的性别观念相关。基于研究,本文将妇女分为习得型反思者、温和型反思者、成长型反思者和觉悟型反思者四种类型。

This paper is based on 75 written reports from women all over China of how they experienced the public health emergency and 35 in-depth interviews of how women understand and deal with a series of changes in their everyday lives and family relationships.It aims to explore how women develop thoughts and actions of self-care.Women develop new understandings of gender relationships and their own roles,which stimulate reflections and self-care.We discovered that women’s self reflections and care are influenced by the following sets of factors.These are primarily housework,burden of care,marriage and child-rearing status,as what we call"situational factors";and care experience,career development and personal experience that concern with women’s gender values about family and career,as what we call"value factors".We can further identify four different groups of women based on these factors:namely,those who are keen on reflection,who are modest in their reflection,who are still growing their reflection and who are self-conscious in their reflection.