绵阳市涪城区城区儿童青少年生长发育趋势及现状调查研究分析

Investigation on growth and development of children and adolescents in urban areas of Fucheng District,Mianyang City

目的了解涪城区城区儿童青少年近年来生长发育趋势及现状,为制定本地区针对性健康促进策略与措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段抽样,抽取该城区7所中小学共计4854名9~18岁学生的作为调查对象,测量身高、体重,采用身高、体重、超重率等指标反应生长发育状况。结果2016—2018年间该城区儿童青少年的身高、体重水平无明显差异(P>0.05),三年整体水平持平;与全国身高发育水平比较,各年龄段男女均处于全国中等或中上等水平;三年间的超重率、肥胖率、营养不良率均无明显差异(P>0.05)。2018年资料显示,总体超重率12.73%,肥胖率6.36%,合计为营养过剩率19.09%,远大于营养不良率(6.90%)。其中男生超重率、营养不良率分别为14.48%、9.12%;女生超重率、营养不良率分别为11.02%、4.74%,均为男生明显大于女生(P<0.05),肥胖率男女无明显差别;分年龄段比较营养状况,低年龄组超重率明显高于高年龄组(P<0.05)、肥胖率明显高于中、高年龄组(P<0.05);高年龄组营养不良率明显高于中年龄组(P<0.05)。结论该地区儿童青少年存在营养不良与营养过剩双重问题,近年来无改善的趋势,且不同性别、不同年龄段超重率、肥胖率、营养不良率有明显差异,提示在制定健康促进策略与措施时应把握侧重点。

Objective To understand the growth and development trend and current status of children and adolescents in urban areas of Fucheng District in recent years,so as to provide the evidence for the development of targeted health promotion strategies and measures in this area.Methods students aged 9-18 years in 7 primary and middle schools in the urban area were selected as survey objects.The height and weight were measured,and the growth and development status was reflected by the indicators,such as the height,weight and overweight.Results There was no significant difference among three years(2016,2017,and 2018)in the height and weight of children and adolescents in the urban area(P>0.05).The overall level was stable in the three years.Compared with the national height development level,the height developments of boys and girls of all ages in this area were at the middle or upper middle level.There was no significant difference among the three years in overweight,obesity,and malnutrition rates(P>0.05).According to the data of 2018,the overall overweight rate was 12.73%,and the obesity rate was 6.36%.The total overnutrition rate was 19.09%,which was much higher than the malnutrition rate(6.90%).The overweight rate and malnutrition rate of boys were 14.48%and 9.12%respectively,and the overweight rate and malnutrition rate of girls were 11.02%and 4.74%,respectively,and both rates of the boys were significantly larger than those of the girls(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the boys and girls in the obesity rate.The comparison of the nutritional status among the different age groups showed that the overweight rate in the low age group was significantly higher than that in the high age groups(P<0.05),and the obesity rate in the low age group was significantly higher than that in the middle and high age groups(P<0.05),and the malnutrition rate in the high age group was significantly higher than that in the middle age groups(P<0.05).Conclusion There are two problems of malnutrition and overnu-trition in the children and adolescents in this area.There isno improvement trend in recent years,and there are signifi-cant differences between/among different genders and age groups in the overweight,obesity and malnutrition rates,suggesting that the health promotion strategies and measures should be formulated on the focus.