炭基肥连续两年施用对土壤质量的影响

Effects of Continuous Application of Carbon-based Fertilizer on Soil Quality for Two Years

以玉米为试材,基于等养分供给,设置化肥(T1)、炭基肥(T2)、炭基肥化肥配施(T3)、缓释肥(T4)、有机肥化肥配施(T5)5个处理,以不施肥为对照(CK)。通过2年田间定位试验,研究不同施肥措施对土壤团聚体形成、土壤化学性状及酶活性的影响,以期为土壤结构性状改良和农业面源污染防控提供参考依据。结果表明:相比化肥,炭基肥化肥配施可显著增加土壤0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层水稳性大团聚体含量(WSA>0.25 mm)75.7%和64.4%;显著提高0~20 cm土层土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量;显著提高0~20 cm土层土壤真菌、细菌和放线菌数量;显著提高土壤磷酸酶活性18.6%、过氧化氢酶活性5.3%、脲酶活性59.4%,土壤酶活性显著增强,具有和有机肥化肥配施相同的效果。综上所述,炭基肥化肥配合施用具有显著改善灰钙土物理、生物学性状,提高土壤质量的作用。

Taking maize as test material,based on equal nutrient supply,five treatments were designed,including chemical fertilizer(T1),carbon-based fertilizer(T2),carbon-based fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer(T3),slow-release fertilizer(T4),organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer(T5),and no fertilizer as control.Through two years field positioning test,the effects of different fertilization measures on soil aggregate formation,soil chemical properties and enzyme activity were studied,in order to provide reference for improving soil structure and preventing agricultural non-point source pollution.The results showed that compared with chemical fertilizers,the combined application of carbon-based fertilizer and chemical fertilizer could significantly increase the content of water-stable macroaggregates(WSA>0.25 mm)in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers by 75.7%and 64.4%,respectively.The contents of soil organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium at 0-20 cm level were significantly increased;the number of soil fungi,bacteria and actinomycetes at 0-20 cm level were significantly increased;soil phosphatase activity was significantly increased by 18.6%,catalase activity was 5.3%,urease activity was 59.4%,and soil enzyme activity was significantly enhanced,which had the same effect as organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer.In summary,combined application of carbon-based fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can significantly improve the physical and biological properties of calcareous soil and improve soil quality.