中药抗脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用及其机制的研究进展

Research progress on effect and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury

缺血性脑血管病是威胁人类健康与生存的主要疾病之一,发病率高且死亡率高。目前临床上主要的治疗方式是尽早恢复缺血区血液再灌注,使脑组织重新获得血氧供应。然而在恢复血流供应时,常会使缺血组织以及神经系统的病理损害进一步加重,临床症状恶化,造成脑缺血再灌注损伤。脑缺血再灌注损伤的病理过程十分复杂,多种机制参与其中,是目前临床治疗缺血性脑血管病时亟待解决的问题。中药具有多成分、多途径、多靶点的作用特点,对于具有复杂病理机制的脑缺血再灌注损伤具有独特的治疗优势和潜力。以中药药效物质及其作用机制与靶点为切入点,对近10年来发现的具有抗脑缺血再灌注损伤作用的中药研究进行综述,以期为抗脑缺血再灌注损伤治疗药物的进一步科学开发和应用提供参考。

Ischemic cerebrovascular disease is one of the most threatening diseases to human life and health with high morbidity and mortality. At present, the main clinical treatment for ischemic cerebrovascular disease is to restore blood reperfusion in the ischemic area as soon as possible, so that the brain tissue of the blocked vascular perfusion area can regain blood oxygen. However, when the blood supply is restored, the aggravated damage of brain tissue and the nervous system is called the cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury, which is the most concerned problem in the clinical treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. However, it is difficult to treat cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury due to its complicated pathological process and multiple mechanisms involved. Traditional Chinese medicine and the formulas have multi-component composition and characteristics of multi-target and multi-pathway in treating disease and show the therapeutic advantages of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Based on pharmacodynamic substances of traditional Chinese medicine and their mechanism of action and targets, the research progress on effect and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury discovered in the past ten years is reviewed in this paper, in order to provide reference for the further development and application of therapy drugs against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.