兔子在澳大利亚的引进和传播

Introduction and Spread of Rabbits in Australia

1788年,英国“第一舰队”绕过数千年发展历史为澳洲大陆带来了西方文明和创新,开创了农作物栽培、畜禽改良史上的大交流、大变革时代。当时带入5只欧洲兔,后为增加动物多样性,满足上层绅士的狩猎需求,欧洲移民陆续引进旧大陆家兔。但兔子疯狂繁殖,吃光了所到之地的牧草和幼树皮,给生态环境造成了极大危害,成为澳大利亚臭名昭著的外来入侵物种和农业害兽。兔灾问题引起了普遍关注,政府虽采用悬赏捕杀、投毒、引进天敌等一系列措施来调控,但危害已然酿成且不易根除。

In 1788,the British"first fleet"bypassed thousands of years of development history,brought western civilization and innovation to the Australian mainland,and created an era of great exchanges and changes in the history of crop cultivation and livestock and poultry improvement.At that time,the"First Fleet"brought five European rabbits.Later,in order to increase animal diversity and meet the hunting needs of the upper gentlemen,European immigrants successively introduced the old world rabbits.However,rabbits breed crazily and eat up the grass and bark of young trees,causing great harm to the ecological environment and becoming a notorious alien invasive species and agricultural pest in Australia.Although the government has adopted a series of measures to control the rabbit disaster,such as offering a reward to catch and kill,poisoning,and introducing natural enemies,the damage has already been caused and is not easy to eradicate.