英语二语阅读过程中词汇与文本整合的眼动研究

An Eye Movement Study on Word-Text Integration in Chinese ESL Readers

成功的阅读者会将读取的词汇信息与文本和知识表征进行整合。本研究针对英语二语阅读设计了眼动实验研究文本特征和个体差异如何影响阅读者的整合过程。文本特征是影响眼动各指标实时词汇与文本整合难易程度的4个指代条件(直接、转换、推论和控制),个体差异特征区分了二语者的工作记忆能力。针对整合焦点,即目标词(如the explosion)区域的眼动指标(平均首次注视时间、凝视时间)以及阅读实时整合的指标(凝视时间、跳读率和回视时间)验证了显著的文本即时整合效应,证明直接指代和转换指代是文本整合实时加工的满足性文本特征。此外,高工作记忆的二语阅读者能对较难实时词汇与文本整合的推论文本产生实时激活机制,说明工作记忆容量是文本阅读的中介变量,是影响词汇与文本整合效果的关键性个体差异。

Successful readers will integrate word information with text and knowledge representation.How is this integration mechanism influenced by textual features(e.g.the ease of integration)and individual differences(readers’level of working memory)?In response to the two alternative hypotheses in word-text integration,this study designs an eye movement experiment to better explore the two hypotheses of information processing theory(Wait-and-See Hypothesis and the Immediate Integration Hypothesis).The textual characteristics of the experimental material are four conditions(direct,conversion,inference,and control),which affect the ease of eye movement integration.The individual differences in the characteristics of the experiment distinguish the subjects’working memory ability(high and low).For integrated keywords(such as"the explosion"),two indicators of reading specific regions(average first fixation duration,gaze duration)and three indicators of online integration(gaze duration,skipping probability,and regression path reading time)reveal obvious text immediate integration effect.This shows that direct reference and conversion reference are necessary conditions for the textual processing of the textual integration.The Chinese English L2 readers with high working memory can generate a real-time activation mechanism for the inference condition,which is more difficult for real-time vocabulary and text integration.This result implicates that working memory capacity is a mediate variable for text reading and a key individual difference factor that affects word-text integration.