新疆伊犁野生阿魏菇的生长发育规律及生境分析

Growth and development rules and habitats of wild Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi in Yili,Xinjiang

为了更好地保护和利用伊犁野生阿魏菇资源,于2017-2019年采用踏查及实地样方取样和实验室数据测定相结合的方法,对伊犁野生阿魏菇资源的生长发育规律和生境特征进行了研究。结果表明:伊犁野生阿魏菇是一种分布在伊宁县新疆阿魏原生境保护区内的中低温型食、药兼用菌。生长最适温度为15℃-20℃。发生区土壤偏碱性,且含水率只有1.56%-9.87%,有机质含量在0.9%-1.76%,速效氮含量在32.53-42.60mg/kg,速效磷的含量在3.84-4.28mg/kg,均比较缺乏,速效钾含量比较丰富,在158.67-162.92mg/kg之间。土壤中所含的细菌数量为10^(6)个/g,放线菌为10^(5)个/g,真菌为10^(3)个/g。这种恶劣的生存环境加之人为破坏,致使阿魏菇分布面积急剧缩小,需采取积极措施进行保护。

In order to protect and utilize wild Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi resources better growing in Yili,the field investigation,field sampling and laboratory data determination and analysis were adopted in 2017-2019 to study the growth and development rules and habitat characteristics of wild Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi in Yili.The results showed that wild P.ferulae in Yili is mainly distributed in the Xinjiang Ferula in Situ Conservation Area in Yining county.It is a medium-low temperature edible and medicinal fungus.The optimum temperature for its growth is 15℃-20℃.The soil in the growing area is relatively alkaline,and the water content is only 1.56%-9.87%.The content of organic matter in the soil is between 0.9%and 1.76%,the content of available nitrogen is between 32.53-42.60 mg/kg,and the content of available phosphorus is between 3.84-4.28 mg/kg,which are relatively lacking.The content of available potassium is relatively rich,between 158.67-162.92 mg/kg.The number of bacteria contained in the soil are 10^(6)/g,actinomycetes are 10^(5)/g,and fungi are 10^(3)/g.This harsh living environment,combined with overgrazing and fencing,has caused the distribution area of Pleurotus ferulae Lenzi shrinking sharply,and active measures must be taken to protect it.