近31年澳大利亚恰那铁矿生态环境和社会经济影响长时间序列遥感监测

Long-Term Sequence Remote Sensing Monitoring of the Ecological Environment and Socio-Economic Impacts of Channar Iron Mine in Australia in the Past 31 Years

以Google Earth Engine云平台为支撑,基于Landsat遥感数据和夜光遥感数据,利用像元二分模型、空间统计方法,实现了近31 a澳大利亚恰那铁矿生态环境和社会经济影响长时间序列的遥感监测。结果表明:恰那矿区整体上以中等和中高植被覆盖度为主,两者面积之和约占研究区总面积的60%,植被覆盖度呈现出矿区外部>整个矿区>矿区内部的分布规律;矿区建设对周边植被的影响主要集中在2 km范围以内,出现严重退化的像元仅占研究区总面积的1.49%,出现退化趋势的像元和改善趋势的像元分别为5.06%和4.25%,两者占比基本相当;矿区平均夜间灯光指数年均增量约为0.09/a,灯光面积指数增长率为1.37%,整体上呈现随时间不断上升趋势;夜间灯光指数和植被覆盖度以2 km缓冲区为分界点,2 km以内存在显著的负相关关系,2 km缓冲区以外极弱相关或无相关。坚持边开发边治理原则、采用绿色施工方式,是恰那铁矿在取得较好的经济效益的同时生态环境整体保持相对稳定的主要原因,其研究成果可以为将来矿区生态环境保护和经济效益评估提供参考。

Supported by the google earth engine cloud platform,based on Landsat remote sensing data and nighttime light remote sensing data,using dimidiate pixel model and spatial statistical method,the remote sensing monitoring of the long-term sequence of the ecological environment and socio-economic impact of Channar Iron Mine in Australia was realized in the past 31 years.The results show that the Channar mining area is dominated by medium and medium-high vegetation coverage,the sum of the two areas accounts for about 60%of the total area of the study area.The vegetation coverage shows the distribution law of the outside of the mining area>the entire mining area>the inside of the mining area;The impact of mining area construction on surrounding vegetation is mainly concentrated within a range of 2 km.Severely degraded pixels account for only 1.49%of the total area of the study area.The pixels with degraded and improved trends are 5.06%and 4.25%,respectively,The proportion of the two is basically the same;the average annual increase of the night light index in the mining area is about 0.09/a,and the growth rate of the light area index is 1.37%,showing a rising trend over time;the night light index and vegetation coverage are 2 km buffer zone is the demarcation point,there is a significant negative correlation within 2 km,and there is very weak or no correlation outside the 2 km buffer zone.Adhering to the principles of development and governance and adopting green construction methods are the main reasons for the better economic benefits of Channar Iron Mine and the relative stability of the ecological environment as a whole.The research results can be used for the future ecological environment protection and economy of the mining area.Provide a reference for benefit evaluation.