汉语自闭症儿童和正常发展儿童情境会话中的话题开启比较分析

A Comparative Study of Topic Initiation in Situational Conversation between Autistic Children and Typically Developing Peers

日常互动交际中,AS患者的各种“怪异”现象无法仅从句法表达和理解两方面得到解释。本研究从会话分析的角度探讨了游戏情境、点心情境和下课情境中,AS学生和普通学生各自在会话话题开启方面的不同表现。研究发现:相较于普通学生,(1)AS学生开启话题的次数更高,而回应话题的次数更低;(2)他们常出现重复开启话题、开启后状况怪异、喜欢开启自己感兴趣的话题等现象;(3)他们有时能立即且适当地掌握话题回应,但整体表现较差。

In daily social interaction,people with Asperger syndrome(AS)are regularly found to behave in an atypical way,which is inexplicable merely at the level of syntactic production and comprehension.Using as data the naturally occurring conversations in such three different situations as playing games and having snacks inside the classroom as well as inter-class activities outside the classroom,this paper examines from the perspective of Conversation Analysis how AS children and their typically-developing(TD)peers each initiate topics in their talks.Our study reveals that compared with TD ones,firstly,the AS children demonstrate much higher frequency of topic initiation but lower frequency of topic response;secondly,they sometimes re-initiate topics,behave in unusual ways and prefer to initiate topics of their own interests;thirdly,they can respond to topics at times,promptly and appropriately,which on the whole is at a lower level than that of TD ones.