从分布式形态学探究汉语简单形式形容词和复杂形式形容词的语法差异

A Distributed Morphology Approach to Grammatical Differences Between Simple Adjectives and Complex Adjectives in Mandarin Chinese

本文从分布式形态学角度分析现代汉语简单形容词和复杂形容词语法差异的原因。前人研究详细描写了汉语形容词二分,总结和归纳两类形容词的句法分布和句法表现,但多数研究只是从语义的角度分析某一类形容词的特点,从句法和形态角度进行解释都有不妥之处。本文采用分布式形态学的理论框架,提出两类形容词形态差别是句法分布差异的关键,复杂形容词在生成过程中获得了具有提供视角功能的DegreeP选择,使这类形容词能够自由作定语或谓语,而简单形容词在这一层上没有显性表现,在直接作定语或谓语时受到限制。本文从句法分布和语义表达两方面为该假设提供证据。

This paper explores the causes for the differences in grammar as shown by Chinese simple adjectives and complex adjectives.Previous research mainly contributes to the descriptions of syntactic distributions of adjectives,the positive and comparative readings and the possible reasons for reduplication of simple adjectives in phonology,semantics and syntax.This paper provides an alternative approach for the differences of simple adjectives and complex adjectives by utilizing the framework of Distributed Morphology.This paper hypothesizes that the distinctive behaviors of the two types of Chinese adjectives are derived from the functional head DegreeP denoting degree and functioning as a viewpoint for anchoring a specific degree of adjectives.The reduplication and de morpheme together function as the head of DegreeP so that complex adjectives can act as attributive modifiers and predicates directly but simple adjectives cannot.