《民法典》编纂与“隐私”概念的重思

Civil Code Compilation and Reconsideration of"Privacy"Concept

我国隐私权立法内容较为薄弱,直至2009年《侵权责任法》的出台才确立了隐私权为民事权利。“隐私”系“privacy”的翻译产物,但在中西方文化差异的影响下,前者并未全面地表达其内涵,反而仅狭隘于“私人、私密的事”,“私生活(权)”应是更加确切的表达。由于国情、立法环境不同,全面引进所谓“私生活(权)”的做法并不可取,但概念的正确解读仍有助于解决我国隐私权保护的困境,使法律更好地调整社会关系。《民法典》人格权编以单章内容对隐私权进行保护,然而立法者仍对隐私权保护范围过于狭隘,对“私人的生活安宁”的保护未有太大进步。通过解释“私人的生活安宁”以及在司法实践中不断发展其内涵、外延,类型化相应的侵权行为,有助于我国隐私权保护的长足发展。

The content of privacy legislation in China is relatively weak,and it was not until the promulgation of tort liability law in 2009 that the right of privacy was established as a civil right."Privacy"is the translation product of"privacy".However,under the influence of cultural differences between China and the west,the former does not fully express its connotation,instead,it only narrows down to"private and private matters".Private life(right)should be a more accurate expression.In fact,due to the different national conditions and legislative environment,it is not advisable to introduce the so-called"private life(right)"in an all-round way,but a correct interpretation of the concept is still helpful to solve the dilemma of privacy protection in China and to make the law better adjust social relations.Although the right of personality in civil code protects the right of privacy in a single chapter,the scope of privacy protection is still too narrow for legislators,and the protection of"private life peace"has not made great progress.This paper believes that the understanding of"private peace of life"and the continuous development of its connotation,extension and categorization of the corresponding infringement acts in judicial practice will contribute to the rapid development of China's privacy protection.