黄河三角洲自然保护区国土空间变化遥感监测与评价

Remote sensing monitoring and evaluation of land space change in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve

为了解人类活动对黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区生态环境的影响,利用2000年至2019年的卫星影像数据,分析了黄河三角洲自然保护区近20年来土地利用的变化情况,并利用开发干扰指数定量分析了土地利用变化对自然保护区的影响。得出主要结论如下:黄河三角洲自然保护区近20年土地利用变化明显,草地、耕地和未利用地等土地利用面积下降,而建设用地(城乡居民点、工矿用地)和水域湿地等面积增加。变化面积占自然保护区总面积的47.0%,减少的草地和耕地等主要转为建设用地、水域湿地,主要表现为实验区内盐田和养殖塘面积的增加。2000年以来黄河三角洲自然保护区开发干扰指数逐年增大,2005年之前人类活动干扰相对轻微;2005年至2016年人类活动干扰剧烈,自然保护区开发干扰指数增加迅速,以盐田和养殖塘的开发为主要影响因素;2016年后自然保护区的监督管理力度加大,开发干扰指数趋于稳定。人类活动干扰呈现从轻微到剧烈再到稳定的过程。

In order to understand the impact of human activities on the environmental quality of the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve, this paper analyzes the characteristics of land use change over the past 20 years, and outlines the influence of land use change on the nature reserve by using the development disturbance index. The main conclusions are as follows: over the past 20 years, the land use types of the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve have changed significantly. The area of grasslands and farmlands in the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve declined from 2000 to 2019, while the area of construction land has expanded at a faster pace.The change area accounts for 47.0% of the total area of the nature reserve. The reduced grasslands and farmlands are mainly transformed into salt fields and aquaculture ponds which mainly located in the experimental area. Since 2000, the development interference index of the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve has been increasing year by year. From 2000 to 2005, the interference of human activities was relatively slight.From 2005 to 2015,the interference index of human activities increased rapidly. The development of salt field and aquaculture pond is the main influencing factor. After 2016, the development interference index has become stable. Overall the disturbance of human activities presents a process from mild to severe and then to stable.