北京城市绿道植物多样性及其群落特征

Plant Diversity and Its Community Characteristics of Urban Greenways of Beijing

城市绿道具有典型的廊道状特征,在城市中发挥着重要的生态连线作用,对于生物多样性保护具有不可替代性。以北京城市绿道为研究对象,在对滨水型绿道和沿路型绿道植物多样性和植物群落特征进行调查与分析的基础上,探讨我国城市绿道现存问题与发展策略。结果表明:(1)调查北京城市绿道共发现维管束植物205种;(2)除灌木层和草本层的Pielou指数外,滨水型各层次的α多样性指数均高于沿路型;(3)滨水型与沿路型的β多样性指数整体呈现出灌木层<乔木层<总体层<草本层的特点;(4)Twinspan将139个样地乔木层重要值划分为15组,结合分类将其命名为15个植物群系,油松群系、油松-白蜡群系、银杏群系等4个群系应用频度最高,元大都城垣遗址公园、营城建都滨水绿道和南长河公园3个滨水型绿道拥有最为丰富的植物群系类型。

Based on typical corridor characteristics,urban greenways play an important role of ecological linkages in cities and irreplaceable role of biodiversity protection.Taking Beijing urban greenways as the research object,this study investigated and analyzed the plant diversity and plant community characteristics of waterfront greenways and roadside greenway,and discussed the existing problems and development strategies of urban greenways in China.The results showed that:(1)A total of 205 species of vascular plants were found in this survey.(2)αdiversity indexes of waterfront type are higher than that of roadside type except for shrub layer and herb layer’s Pielou index.(3)βdiversity indexes of waterfront type and roadside type showed the characteristics of shrub layer<tree layer<overall layer<herb layer.(4)TWINSPAN divided the important values of the tree layers of 139 sample sites into 15 groups,and named them as 15 plant formations according to the classification.Four formations,such as Form.Pinus tabuliformis,Form.Pinus tabuliformis-Fraxinus chinensis,and Form.Ginkgo biloba,had the highest application frequency.The three waterfront greenways which are Yuan Dynasty City Wall Relics Park,Capital-Founding Waterfront Greenway and South River Park have the most abundant plant formations types.