中国百年乡村建设的历史沿革与有效性初探

A Study on the Historical Evolution and Effectiveness of the Centennial Rural Construction in China

本文从社会结构、建设主体、建设资源、乡村文化四个维度,提出了一个乡村建设的尝试性分析框架。通过梳理我国百年乡村建设的历史沿革及其主要特征,进而从乡村社会秩序的稳定性、基本公共服务供需平衡性、行政管理事项强度、乡村经济社会发展程度四个方面,对比分析了不同历史时期乡村建设的有效性。研究发现,新中国的成立是百年乡村建设的分水岭,乡村建设取得历史性成就的关键在于中国共产党的领导;改革开放和农业税费改革是新中国成立70多年乡村建设的两次转折点,为乡村建设带来的机遇与挑战并存;在新发展阶段,乡村振兴更需要在国家资源、权力下沉与乡村社会的自主治理之间寻求适当平衡。

This research proposes a tentative analysis framework of rural construction,from the four dimensions of social structure,construction actors,construction resources,and rural culture.It thoroughly analyzed the historical evolution and main characteristics of rural construction in China.Furthermore,from four aspects:the stability of the rural society,the balance between the supply and demand of rural basic public services,the intensity of administrative matters in rural governance,and the degree of rural economic and social development,it conducted a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of rural construction in different historical periods.It found that the establishment of the PRC was a watershed in rural construction in last century.The key to historic achievements lies in the leadership of the Communist Party;reform and opening up and agricultural tax and fee reform are two turning points in 70 years rural construction of the PRC,which bring about opportunities and challenges;in the new historical period of rural revitalization,it is more necessary to seek a balance between the state power sinking and the autonomy of rural society.