不同养老模式下居民COPD危险因素知晓情况研究

Research on residents’ awareness of COPD risk factors in different pension modes

目的调查居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)危险因素知晓情况及影响因素,找出不同养老模式下居民COPD健康宣教的重点。方法于2019年8—10月进行问卷调查,居家养老按多阶段分层抽样方法,在乌鲁木齐市下辖沙依巴克区、水磨沟区、天山区、新市区这4个辖区中随机各抽取两个社区,每个社区内各抽取50~60人,共纳入450人;机构养老和医养结合养老采用整群抽样方法,在乌鲁木齐市登记在册并正常营业的养老设施中随机抽取6家养老机构、5家医养结合养老机构,分别纳入497人、293人。采用SPSS23.0进行统计描述、单因素分析、Logistic多因素分析。结果居民COPD危险因素知晓程度为671人(54.1%)。居家养老中,71~80岁老人COPD危险因素知晓情况较好;机构养老中,已婚有伴侣、自评健康状况较好、一年体检一次的居民COPD危险因素知晓情况较好;医养结合养老中,初中学历居民、每月收入为3 001~6 000元居民COPD危险因素知晓情况较差。结论应综合考虑COPD危险因素知晓情况的影响因素,针对不同养老模式居民开展有针对性的差异性COPD健康教育策略。

Objective To investigate the awareness of residents’COPD risk factors and their influencing factors,and find out the key points of health education and education for residents’COPD under different old-age care models.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted from August to October 2019.According to a multistage stratified sampling method,two communities were randomly selected from the four jurisdictions of Shayibake District,Shuimogou District,Tianshan District,and New Urban District respectively under the jurisdiction of Urumqi City and 50 to 60 people were selected from each community,and 450 people were enrolled as the sample of home based care popula-tion.According to the cluster sampling method,6 elderly care institutions and 5 integrated medical care and elderlycare institutions were randomly selected from the elderly care facilities registered and operating in Urumqi City as thesample of institution for old-age care and the sample of combination of medical care and health,enrolling 497 and 293 persons respectively.Based on the questionnaire survey,SPSS23.0 was used for statistical description and single factoranalysis as well as logistic regression.Results The residents′awareness of COPD risk factors was 671(54.1%).In theelder of home baded care,who aged 71-80 are well aware of COPD risk factors;In institutional elderly care,residentswho are married and have a partner,self-assessed their health status,and have a physical examination once a year arewell aware of COPD risk factors;in the integrated medical care and elderly care model,residents with junior highschool education and monthly income of 3,001 to 6,000 yuan are poorly aware of COPD risk factors.Conclusion Theinfluencing factors of the awareness of COPD risk factors should be considered comprehensively,and targeted and dif-ferentiated COPD health education strategies should be carried out for residents of different pension models.