论国内航空托运行李运输承运人责任制度

On the Liability System of Domestic Air Carriers for Registered Luggage

国内航空托运行李运输承运人责任制度存在较多适用上的难点,研究分析这些难点可以指引航空承运人的实践操作并维护旅客权益。判断某一行李属于托运行李还是随身携带物品要根据文义解释法并以该行李实际处于何人掌管、照顾之下为依据。托运行李航空运输期间终止点的判断标准存在“承运人实际掌管说”和“承运人法律掌管说”两种方法,后者更利于旅客权益保护。“贵重、特殊物品一般化赔偿条款”如果纳入运输总条件中,并且承运人尽到了提示义务,则条款可以约束旅客。中国法院采取客观标准判断承运人是否明知其行为可能造成托运行李毁损,旅客为证明托运行李中的物品遗失以及该物品的价值,需要提供多种间接证据使法官内心确信达到高度盖然性标准。

The liability system of domestic air carriers for registered luggage has many difficulties in application.Studying and clarifying these difficulties can guide the practice of air carriers and safeguard the rights and interests of passengers.To judge whether a piece of luggage belongs to registered baggage or carry-on items should be based on the interpretation of the text and on who is actually in charge of the baggage.There are two methods for judging the termination point during the period of the air transportation for registered luggage:“actual control theory”and“legal control theory”.The latter is more conducive to the protection of passengers’rights.If the“General Provisions for Compensation for Valuable and Special Items”is included in the general conditions of carriage,and the carrier has fulfilled the obligation to present,then the terms may restrict the passenger.Chinese courts use objective criteria to determine whether the carrier already knew that its actions may cause damage to registered luggage.In order to prove the loss of the items in the registered luggage and the value of the lost,passengers have to provide a variety of indirect evidence to convince the judge that they have reached a high probability standard.