为教育而惩戒:从“惩戒”到“教育惩戒”

Punishment for Education:From"Punishment"to"Education Punishment"

作为对学生越轨行为的规治手段,“教育惩戒”源于学界对体罚、惩罚现象的批判。伴随教育惩戒的权力失落与呼吁回归,其发展经历了戒尺文化阶段、人道主义阶段、全面抵制阶段,到目前的立德树人阶段。这一历程不仅受制于社会进步和先进教育思潮的作用,历史发展和社会结构变迁也成为教育惩戒权失落与回归的浓厚底色。如今,教育部已出台《中小学教育惩戒规则(试行)》纲要并正式施行,学界也从心理学、伦理学等多学科视角对教育惩戒的价值性和必要性进行论证,但教育惩戒仍缺乏实践土壤,面临惩戒手段失当、惩戒程度失准、惩戒对象失变和惩戒干预失重等多重困境。而要促使“惩戒”向“教育惩戒”转变,真正实现为教育而惩戒,使惩戒遵守教育目的和教育规律,需要促进教育惩戒的合法化、加强教育惩戒的合目的性、规制教育惩戒的合伦理性、追求教育惩戒的艺术性。这些或将成为教育惩戒落地生根的可能路径。

As a means of regulating students'deviant behavior,"educational punishment"originates from the criticism of corporal punishment and punishment in academic circles.With the loss of educational punishment rights and the return of appeal,its development has gone through the stages of discipline culture,humanitarianism,comprehensive resistance and moral cultivation.This process is not only restricted by social progress and advanced educational thoughts,but also by the historical development and social structure changes.Nowadays,the Ministry of education has issued the outline of"Rules of Punishment in Primary and Secondary Education(Trial)".The academic circles have also demonstrated the value and necessity of education punishment from the perspective of psychology,ethics and other disciplines.However,education punishment is lack of practical soil:improper"punishment"means,inaccurate"punishment"degree,variable"punishment"object and"punishment"intervention.In order to promote the transformation from"punishment"to"education punishment",we have some possible paths,for example,to promote the legalization of education punishment,to strengthen the purposiveness of education punishment,to regulate the rationality of education punishment,and to pursue the artistry of education punishment.